Chapter_8__2_

Explicit memories

Declarative memories that require conscious recall of facts and experiences.

Implicit memories

Nondeclarative memories that form through automatic processes without conscious effort.

Sensory memory

The first stage in forming explicit memories; it is an immediate and very brief recording of sensory information.

Short-term memory

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as a phone number, before the information is stored or forgotten.

Working memory

A newer understanding of short-term memory that includes conscious, active processing of incoming information.

Chunking

The organization of items into familiar, manageable units which often occurs automatically to aid memory.

Retrieval cues

Stimuli that help in the recall of information stored in memory.

Context-dependent memory

The improved recall of specific information when the context present at encoding is the same at retrieval.

State-dependent memory

The improved ability to retrieve information when the person is in the same state of consciousness as when the memory was formed.

Misinformation effect

A phenomenon where a person's memory of an event is altered by misleading information presented after the event.