chap 24

Which of the following the 6 unctions of the kidney?

1. synthesize calcitriol–stimulate absorption

   2.  regulate blood pH

   3. regulate plasma ion concentrations 

   4. conserve nutrients

   5. assist liver in detoxification

   6. eliminate organic wastes

Which of the following is not one of the three processes of urine formation?

corpuscular dilution

What do we call the long, straight medullary capillaries that surround the nephron loops of juxtamedullary nephrons?

vasa recta

What is the name of the part of the nephron that is a capillary filter between the arterioles?

glomerulus

What do we call the cortical capillaries that surround the convoluted tubules of cortical nephrons?

peritubular capillaries

What tissue lines the urinary bladder?

transitional epithelium

What layer surrounding the kidney is composed of adipose tissue?

perinephric fat

Where are the renal pyramids located within the kidney?

Renal medulla

What do we call the internal, darker layer of the kidney that consists of 6-18 triangular structures?

renal medulla

The kidneys are _____ organs.

retroperitoneal

What is the name of the final section of the renal tubule, consisting of simple cuboidal epithelium lacking microvilli?

distal convoluted tubule

The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the ___.

renal corpuscle

Nephrons located close to the medulla with long nephron loops are called _____

juxtamedullary

What type of nephrons have their renal corpuscle located at the junction of the cortex and medulla and have a long nephron loop?

juxtamedullary nephrons

What structures consist of a couple of cell types working together to monitor the filtrate and regulate filtration rate and ultimately blood pressure (by secreting a hormone, renin, that initiates a metabolic pathway that leads to an increase in blood volume)?

 

juxtaglomerular apparatus

What is the name for the cup-like portion of the filtering component of the nephron that collects fluids from a capillary network filter?

glomerular capsule

What is the name of the middle section of the renal tubule which travels into and out of the renal medulla?

nephron loop

What do we call the muscular tube carries urine from bladder to outside?

urethra

The kidney can be described as ________.

retroperitoneal

How does the male urethra differ from the female urethra?

It's longer and transports both semen and urine

In men the urinary bladder is directly superior to the __________?

prostate gland

In both men and women the urinary bladder is posterior to the __________?

pubic symphysis

The ____ is the cavity within the kidney that collects urine from the major calyces.

renal pelvis

What muscle that controls the release of urine is involuntary, being composed of smooth muscle?

internal urethral sphincter

The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is known as the ___.

hilum

What organ(s) filter the blood and produces urine?

kidneys

What is the name of the arteriole taking blood from the capillary filter of the nephron?

efferent arteriole

The ____ is a capillary plexus that parallels the long nephron loop of nephrons located close to the renal medulla.

vasa recta

What do we call the outer, granular, reddish-brown layer of the kidney?

renal cortex

What layer surrounding the kidney is composed of collagen fibers covering the kidney surface?

fibrous capsule

What are the light-colored bands (cortex extensions) that separate the triangular structures of the kidney?

renal columns

What do we call the triangular structures of the internal, darker layer of the kidney?

renal pyramids

What do we call the functional unit of the kidney consisting of a renal pyramid, the overlying cortex, and adjacent segment of renal column?

renal lobe

What type of nephrons have their renal corpuscle located within the cortex and have a short nephron loop?

cortical nephrons

Nephrons located close to the medulla with long nephron loops are called _____.

juxtamedullary

What is the proper order for these tubes going from the nephron to the ureter?

 

minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis

The smallest functional unit of the kidney that produces urine is the ____.

nephron

The right kidney is positioned slightly superior to the left kidney in the abdominal cavity.

False

Urine is transported by the ____, stored within the ____, and eliminated through the ____.

ureters; urinary bladder; urethra

What do we call the muscular sac stores urine?

urinary bladder

What do we call the concave, medial portion of the kidney where vessels enter or exit?

hilum

Through what structure does the collecting duct open into the minor calyx?

renal papilla

What is the name of the first section of the renal tubule, consisting of microvilli covered simple cuboidal epithelium?

proximal convoluted tubule

What do we call the filtering component of the nephron that contains a capillary network that serves to filter the smaller contents from the blood and a cup-like portion that serves as the beginning of the urine forming tubular portion of the nephron?

renal corpuscle

In women the urinary bladder is directly anterior to the _____ and anteroinferior (anterior and inferior) to the _____?

vagina and uterus

What muscle that controls the release of urine is voluntary, being composed of skeletal muscle?

external urethral sphincter

Which is not a function of the urinary system?

Excreting excess protein molecules in the urine

What is the name of the arteriole bringing blood to the capillary filter of the nephron?

afferent arteriole

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term "renal papilla"?

tip of the renal pyramid

What do we call the tubes, sensitive to ADH and can absorb water from the tubular fluid, that collect tubular fluid from many nephrons?

collecting ducts

The cells of the___ secrete ___ in response to low glomerular filtration rate.

juxtaglomerular complex ... renin

What do we call the muscular tube(s) that transport(s) urine from kidneys to bladder?

ureters

Urine reaches the urinary bladder by ____.

 

smooth muscle contractions of ureter walls