Chat GPT- Pre-Assessment: Analytical Methods of Healthcare Leaders actual questions with 100% accurate solutions + rationales (PASSED)

Question 1: The quality team is analyzing monthly infection control reports over three years after introducing a new sterilization process. They expect a steady decline in infections. Which research method should be used? Time-series; Cross-sectional; Pretest-posttest; Randomized control trial

The correct answer is Time-series. Explanation: Time-series evaluates trends across many months or years.

Question 2: A researcher examines a statewide discharge file for one calendar year to study the association between insurance status and length of stay. Which research method is being used? Time-series; Cross-sectional; Pretest-posttest; Randomized control trial

The correct answer is Cross-sectional. Explanation: Cross-sectional research analyzes variables at a single time point.

Question 3: A policy analyst examines eight years of post-policy data to determine if primary care visits increased each year. Which method should be used? Time-series; Cross-sectional; Pretest-posttest; Randomized control trial

The correct answer is Time-series. Explanation: Time-series examines trends across multiple years.

Question 4: Which example represents quantitative data analysis? Summarizing interview themes; Reporting the average length of stay; Describing a patient's experience; Transcribing focus groups

The correct answer is Reporting the average length of stay. Explanation: Averages are numeric and represent quantitative analysis.

Question 5: Which statement describes qualitative research? Uses probability sampling; Emphasizes numerical measurement; Seeks detailed understanding of experiences; Primarily tests statistical hypotheses

The correct answer is Seeks detailed understanding of experiences. Explanation: Qualitative research focuses on narrative and experiential detail.

Question 6: A clinic reviews blood pressure readings after nine months of remote monitoring with no baseline data. Which method is described? Time-series; Clinical trial; Pretest-posttest; Cross-sectional

The correct answer is Cross-sectional. Explanation: Only one time point is being evaluated.

Question 7: A researcher statistically combines results from many telehealth counseling trials. Which method is used? Case study; Cohort study; Meta-analysis; Literature review

The correct answer is Meta-analysis. Explanation: Meta-analysis pools results from multiple studies.

Question 8: A state compares smoking prevalence before and after a new cessation campaign. Which method is used? Case study; Cohort study; Longitudinal study; Pre/post-study

The correct answer is Pre/post-study. Explanation: Compares outcomes before and after the intervention.

Question 9: Researchers study nurse staffing and fall rates and need adjusted fall rates. Which technique is needed? t-test; ANOVA; Regression analysis; Pearson correlation

The correct answer is Regression analysis. Explanation: Regression adjusts for multiple predictors.

Question 10: Investigators study whether age, BMI, smoking, and exercise predict annual clinic visits. Which technique should be used? Mann-Whitney U; Bayesian approach; Regression analysis; Wilcoxon signed-rank

The correct answer is Regression analysis. Explanation: Multiple predictors and a continuous outcome require regression.

Question 11: A study lists population, data sources, and analyses but does not state the design. What is missing? Analysis plan; Data collection; Study population; Research design

The correct answer is Research design. Explanation: The methods do not identify the overall design.

Question 12: A five-year panel study describes design and data sources but not statistical tests. What is missing? Analysis plan; Data collection; Study population; Research design

The correct answer is Analysis plan. Explanation: It does not specify the tests or models used.

Question 13: A leader wants to understand patient views of nurse communication. Which data source is appropriate? Nursing overtime; Infection rates; HCAHPS; Incident reports

The correct answer is HCAHPS. Explanation: HCAHPS captures patient perception.

Question 14: A system receives complaints about scheduling delays and launches an online portal. Which two data sources informed this? Hold time; Portal usage; Satisfaction surveys; Productivity

The correct answers are Hold time and Satisfaction surveys. Explanation: Wait metrics + survey complaints justify the intervention.

Question 15: A facility wants to improve early nurse retention. What data is most useful? Average nurse tenure; System turnover rate; Competitor wages; Number of ORs

The correct answer is Average nurse tenure. Explanation: Tenure data identify patterns in early turnover.

Question 16: A clinic calculates mean days to third next available appointment. Which statistic is used? Median; Average; Standard deviation; Correlation

The correct answer is Average. Explanation: Mean wait time is a descriptive statistic.

Question 17: A plan reports the median satisfaction score. How are descriptive statistics applied? Identify 50th percentile; Identify outliers; Test differences; Calculate variance

The correct answer is Identify 50th percentile. Explanation: Median represents 50th percentile.

Question 18: A director reviews last year's ED door-to-provider averages. How are descriptive statistics used? Establish baseline; Test new process; Determine incentive eligibility; Forecast staffing

The correct answer is Establish baseline. Explanation: Summarizes current performance.

Question 19: A diabetes clinic compares mean HbA1c before and after a program. Which test is appropriate? t-test; Regression; Factor analysis; Chi-square

The correct answer is t-test. Explanation: Compares means at two time points.

Question 20: Analysts study whether event reports, falls, and errors predict safety culture scores. Which analysis? Factor analysis; Regression; Chi-square; Mann-Whitney U

The correct answer is Regression. Explanation: Regression determines associations with a continuous outcome.

Question 21: A system groups patients by utilization patterns for care management. How is cluster analysis used? Remove outliers; Group similar patients; Test differences; Calculate correlation

The correct answer is Group similar patients. Explanation: Cluster analysis groups by similarity.

Question 22: Employees complete cybersecurity training and a post-test. How should pass rates be used? Identify disclosure risks; Compare mean scores; Determine training needs; Choose insurance levels

The correct answer is Determine training needs. Explanation: Low pass rates indicate need for remediation.

Question 23: A manager analyzes outstanding balances by payer and service line. How should this be used? Outsource collections; Improve revenue cycle; Explain delays to board; Replace staff

The correct answer is Improve revenue cycle. Explanation: Identifies patterns for process improvement.

Question 24: COPD patients report more sleep disruption than controls. How should researchers use this? Recommend sedatives; Recommend sleep screening; Conclude issues unrelated; Focus only on age

The correct answer is Recommend sleep screening. Explanation: Higher disruption supports screening.

Question 25: An analyst wants one row per ED day with visits and medication errors. Which database structure is best? Object-oriented; De-identified; Flat file; Relational

The correct answer is Flat file. Explanation: A simple table works best.

Question 26: A consortium tracks spinal cord injury details across hospitals. Which database is used? Reporting database; Transactional system; Data warehouse; Disease registry

The correct answer is Disease registry. Explanation: Stores detailed data on specific conditions.

Question 27: A system analyzes ED use across hospitals using clinical, financial, and operational data. Which database is needed? Reporting database; Relational database; Disease registry; Data warehouse

The correct answer is Data warehouse. Explanation: Integrates multiple data sources.

Question 28: A cardiology department evaluates readmissions and lab values after a new protocol. Which data source is needed? CDC; CMS; EHR; Marketing surveys

The correct answer is EHR. Explanation: Contains detailed clinical information.

Question 29: A radiology admin calculates revenue from a CT scanner. Which data source? LOS data; Reimbursement records; Satisfaction surveys; Trauma registry

The correct answer is Reimbursement records. Explanation: Shows payments for CT services.

Question 30: A behavioral health director studies psychotherapy referrals for depression. Which data source? Satisfaction surveys; EHR; Cost accounting; Census data

The correct answer is EHR. Explanation: Referrals and diagnoses are documented in EHRs.

Question 31: An insurance company builds a claims database for ad-hoc reports. Which database? Flat file; De-identified; Multidimensional; Research-identified

The correct answer is Multidimensional. Explanation: Supports flexible slicing and dicing.

Question 32: A cholesterol trial must link pre and post LDL values. Which database? Rollup; Flat file without IDs; Object-oriented; Research-identified

The correct answer is Research-identified. Explanation: IDs allow linking pre/post data.

Question 33: A cancer drug may improve survival but causes cardiotoxicity. Which principles apply? Justice; Autonomy; Beneficence; Nonmaleficence

The correct answers are Beneficence and Nonmaleficence. Explanation: Requires weighing benefit vs harm.

Question 34: A student copies text and tables without citation. Which ethical issue? Fidelity; Justice; Plagiarism; Nonmaleficence

The correct answer is Plagiarism. Explanation: Using work without attribution is unethical.

Question 35: A mindfulness program reduces anxiety from 30.2 to 18.4; control stays unchanged. Conclusion? Anxiety increased; Anxiety decreased in intervention; Both groups unchanged; Control improved

The correct answer is Anxiety decreased in intervention. Explanation: Scores dropped substantially.

Question 36: A new bathing protocol reduces surgical infections (p=0.01). Interpretation? Significant decrease; No significant change; Significant increase; Not interpretable

The correct answer is Significant decrease. Explanation: p=0.01 indicates reduction.

Question 37: A facilitator leads a discussion with several patients about a portal. Which method? Focus group; Survey; Chart review; Direct observation

The correct answer is Focus group. Explanation: Group discussion gathers perceptions.

Question 38: A hospital reviews published evidence before implementing a falls bundle. Method? Interview; Observation; Chart review; Literature review

The correct answer is Literature review. Explanation: Reviewing external research.

Question 39: A workshop uses a posttest to evaluate learning. Data source? Pretest; Posttest; A1c levels; Refill data

The correct answer is Posttest. Explanation: Shows what was learned.

Question 40: A quality analyst studies clinical factors related to heart failure readmissions. Data source? Press Ganey; Claims data; EHR; Census

The correct answer is EHR. Explanation: Contains necessary clinical details.

Question 41: A researcher adjusts obesity program outcomes for age, sex, and SES. Technique? Bivariate; Comparison of means; Demographic comparison; Confounding variable analysis

The correct answer is Confounding variable analysis. Explanation: Adjusts for baseline differences.

Question 42: Stroke rehab investigators group patients by functional level when comparing outcomes. Technique? Demographic variables; Stratification; Regression; Confounding

The correct answer is Stratification. Explanation: Groups by risk level.

Question 43: A program tracks whether students walk, bike, take bus, or ride by car. Variable type? Continuous; Ordinal; Categorical; Interval

The correct answer is Categorical. Explanation: Transportation mode is categorical.

Question 44: An initiative compares exercise minutes between high-risk and low-risk adults. Variable type? Interval; Ordinal; Continuous; Categorical

The correct answer is Categorical. Explanation: Risk category groups participants.

Question 45: Classify: (1) Estimate current opioid guideline adherence; (2) Forecast influenza outbreaks; (3) Determine percent meeting discharge criteria; (4) Predict 30-day readmission risk. Statistical or predictive?

The correct answer: 1 & 3 Statistical; 2 & 4 Predictive. Explanation: Statistical = current data; Predictive = future outcomes.

Question 46: Classify: (1) Forecast ESRD costs; (2) Estimate infection rate; (3) Determine % BP control; (4) Predict missed appointments. Statistical or predictive?

The correct answer: 1 & 4 Predictive; 2 & 3 Statistical. Explanation: Forecasting is predictive; describing is statistical.

Question 47: Classify: (1) Identify treatment patterns linked to current survival; (2) Forecast survival; (3) Compare wait times; (4) Predict high-cost claimants. Statistical or predictive?

The correct answer: 1 & 3 Statistical; 2 & 4 Predictive. Explanation: Statistical describes; predictive forecasts.

Question 48: A market study shows high interest in spine surgery. Which info supports hiring a new surgeon? Income; Implant costs; Potential patient volume; Competitors

The correct answer is Potential patient volume. Explanation: Staffing decisions rely on projected volume.

Question 49: Predictive analytics evaluates need for a palliative care team. What does model provide? Future demand estimate; Satisfaction with food; Staffing schedules; Hospice regulations

The correct answer is Future demand estimate. Explanation: Predictive modeling estimates future need.

Question 50: A system evaluates projected pediatric primary care demand to decide on a new clinic. What info is provided? Current needs; Cost per visit; Age distribution; Potential patient volume

The correct answer is Potential patient volume. Explanation: Demand assessment predicts future volume.