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Crime
Violation of laws by individuals or groups
Discretion
Power of criminal justice officials to make decisions
Felony
Offense punishable by more than a year in prison
Misdemeanor
Minor criminal offense punishable by fine and/or jail time
Victim
Person that suffers harm as a result of a crime
Crime Rate
Number of crimes per 100,000 people in an area
Hierarchy Rule
Only highest offense is reported in multiple offense incidents
Dark Figures of Crime
Unreported and unquantified crime
Case Law
Published court decisions used as precedent
Bill of Rights
First 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution
Penal Code
Code of laws dealing with crimes and punishments
Precedent
Prior legal decision used as basis for later cases
Legalistic Style
Policing that emphasizes enforcement of the law
Watchman Style
Policing that emphasizes order maintenance
Community Policing
Strategy involving community resources to stop crime
Broken Windows
Idea that neglect attracts crime
Street Crime
Small-scale offenses like homicide, robbery, assault
White Collar Crime
Nonviolent offenses committed for financial gain
Organized Crime
Professional criminals working together in secret organization
Urban Crime
Criminal activities in densely populated areas
Layer Cake Perception of Crime
Differentiating cases based on offense seriousness and more
Terrorism
Use of violence to create fear for political objectives
Hate Crimes
Violent crimes motivated by prejudice
Victim Impact Statements
Account expressing effects of the offense on victims
Affirmative Defense
Defense providing evidence to excuse legal consequences
Insanity Defense
Defense based on defendant's inability to comprehend actions
Strict Liability
Defendant's liability regardless of intent or mental state
Attendant Circumstances
Facts surrounding a crime
Service Style of Policing
Policing primarily focused on serving the community
The M'Naghten Rule
Standard test for insanity in the U.S. and U.K.
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Flashcard (60)