Anatomy Exam 1 - Osseous Tissue and Skeleton Lecture 3

Hydroxyapatite crystal

calcium phosphate + calcium hydroxide to make this In matrix;

osteoprogenitor cells

bone stem cells that differentiate to form new osteoblasts; involved in repair of bones after break

osteoblasts

immature bone cells that produce osteoid; contribute to bone formation (osteogenesis)

osteocytes

mature bon cells; maintain protein and mineral content of matrix and release Calcium from bone to blood

osteoclasts

secrete acid that dissolves bone matrix (bone resorption)

concentric lamellae

rings that surround central canal

interstitial lamellae

fill the spaces between osteon

circumferential lamellae

immediately internal to periosteum and runs the entire circumference of the bone

periosteum

connective tissue that covers the entire surface of bones (except where there is articular cartilage)

outer fibrous layer of periosteum

collagen fibers interwoven with those of tendons that anchors periosteum to the bone

inner osteogenic layer of periosteum

contains osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts and participates in bone growth and repair

epiphysis

widened ends of bones with red bone marrow that forms blood cells

Diaphysis

shaft of bone with medullary (marrow) cavity that contains yellow bone marrow (stores fat)

metaphysis

narrow growth region between diaphysis and epiphysis

metaphysis in children

consists of epiphyseal growth plate

metaphysis in adults

Cartilage is replaced with compact bone and becomes an epiphyseal line, which is visible in x rays when bone stops growing

endochondral ossification

The primary ossification center develops in hyaline cartilage

appositional bone growth

Osteoprogenitor cells in the inner layer of the periosteum differentiate into osteoblasts and add bone matrix to the surface

• Circumferential lamellae are added at outer surface

• The deepest layer becomes osteons

Calcium carbonate; Na and Mg

Bone matrix incorporates Ca 2+ salts such as and ions like