ITEC 3220 Recap chapter 1 - 5 (CHAT)

Information Technology (IT)

Hardware, software, and services used to manage, communicate, and share information.

System

A set of related components that produces specific results.

Mission-Critical System

A system essential to an organization’s operations.

Data

Raw facts used as input by a system.

Information

Processed data that is meaningful to users.

Information System (IS)

A combination of hardware, software, data, processes, and people that supports business activities.

Hardware

Physical devices in an information system.

Software

Programs that control hardware and produce output.

System Software

Software that manages hardware (OS, security, utilities, drivers).

Processes

Tasks and business functions performed to achieve results.

People (Stakeholders)

Users or individuals who have an interest in the system.

B2C (Business-to-Consumer)

Online transactions between businesses and customers.

B2B (Business-to-Business)

Online transactions between businesses.

C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer)

Transactions between individual consumers.

Business Profile

Overview of a company’s mission, products, customers, competitors, and direction.

Business Model

Describes the information a system must provide.

Business Process

A set of related transactions and events that produce a result.

Business Process Model (BPM)

A graphical representation of business processes.

BPMN (Business Process Modeling Notation)

A standardized set of symbols for modeling processes.

Enterprise Computing

Systems supporting company-wide operations.

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)

Integrated software supporting organizational processes.

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

Processes daily business transactions.

Business Support System

Provides operational and analytical support to users.

Knowledge Management System (KMS)

Stores and retrieves organizational knowledge.

User Productivity System

Tools like email, spreadsheets, and word processing software.

Groupware

Software that supports collaboration and teamwork.

Digital Assistant

AI-enhanced system combining productivity and knowledge management.

Top Managers

Develop long-term strategic plans.

Middle Managers

Provide direction and resources to supervisors.

Knowledge Workers

Professionals who create and manage information.

Supervisors / Team Leaders

Manage daily operations.

Operational Employees

Use transaction systems to perform tasks.

SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle)

Phases for developing systems: planning, analysis, design, implementation, operations.

Structured Analysis

Traditional SDLC-based development approach.

Systems Request

Formal request for IT support or system change

Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA)

Combines data and processes into objects.

Agile Methods

Incremental development using frequent user feedback.

Prototyping

Creating an early working model of a system.

Application Development

Builds and maintains applications.

System Support & Security

Manages system reliability and protection.

User Support (Help Desk)

Provides technical assistance to users.

Database Administration

Manages data storage, security, and access.

Network Administration

Maintains network hardware and software.

Web Support

Develops and maintains web systems.

Quality Assurance (QA)

Tests systems to ensure quality standards.

Systems Analyst

Plans, analyzes, designs, and maintains information systems.

Certification

Proof of knowledge validated by standardized testing.

Corporate Culture

Shared beliefs and values influencing how a company operates.

Strategic Planning

Identifying long-term goals and strategies.

Mission Statement

Defines an organization’s purpose and values.

SWOT Analysis

Evaluation of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

Business Case

Justification for a proposed project.

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Comparison of project costs and benefits.

PESTEL Framework

Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, Legal factors.

CRM (Customer Relationship Management)

Systems managing customer interactions.

Feasibility Study

Determines whether a project is worthwhile.

Operational Feasibility

Whether the system will work in practice.

Economic Feasibility

Whether benefits outweigh costs (TCO).

Technical Feasibility

Whether required technology is available.

Schedule Feasibility

Whether the project can be completed on time.

Project Management

Planning, scheduling, monitoring, and reporting project activities.

Project Triangle

Balance between scope, cost, and time.

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Breakdown of a project into smaller tasks.

Gantt Chart

Timeline showing task duration and progress.

PERT Chart

Diagram showing task dependencies.

Critical Path

Tasks that determine project completion time.

Slack Time

Time a task can be delayed without affecting completion.

Risk Management

Identifying and controlling project uncertainties.

Risk Register

Document listing identified risks.

Qualitative Risk Analysis

Evaluates risk impact and likelihood.

Quantitative Risk Analysis

Uses numerical analysis for risk evaluation.

Risk Response Strategies

Avoid, transfer, mitigate, or accept risk.

System Requirement

A feature or constraint a system must meet.

Functional Requirement

Describes what a system must do.

Non-Functional Requirement

Describes system constraints (performance, security).

Requirements Engineering

Gathering, representing, validating requirements.

Feature Creep

Uncontrolled expansion of system requirements.

JAD (Joint Application Development)

Structured group sessions for requirements gathering.

RAD (Rapid Application Development)

Fast, iterative development with user involvement.

User Story

Short description of system functionality from user perspective.

Scenario / Use Case

Describes system interaction with users.

Logical Model

Shows what the system does.

Physical Model

Shows how the system is built.

DFD (Data Flow Diagram)

Shows how data moves through a system.

Context Diagram

High-level DFD showing system boundaries.

Diagram 0

Expanded view of major system processes.

Data Dictionary

Repository of data definitions.

Process

Transforms data.

Data Flow

Movement of data.

Data Store

Stored data.

External Entity

Source or destination of data.

Structured English

Simplified English for describing logic.

Decision Table

Table showing conditions and outcomes.

Decision Tree

Graphical form of decision logic.

Object

Represents a real-world entity.

Attribute

Property of an object.

Method

Action an object performs.

Class

Blueprint for creating objects.

UML (Unified Modeling Language)

Standard for modeling object-oriented systems.