Studied by 4 people
all flashcards taken from Vitruvius' 'De Architectura' and 'Architecture in Ancient Greece' by the Museum
taxis
ordering
diathesis
design
oikonomia
shapeliness and symmetry/ correctness and allocation
what is ordering
the proportion to scale of the work’s individual components taken separately, as well as their correspondence to an overall proportional scheme of symmetry
according to Vitruvius, what is ordering achieved through
quantity
posotes
quantity
what is quantity
establishment of modules taken from the elements of the work itself and the agreeable execution of the work as a whole on the basis of the elements’ individual parts
what is design
the apt placement of things and the elegant effect obtained by their arrangement according to the nature of their work (how well do they symbolise or represent function, and beauty)
ideai
the species of design
what are the three species of design
ichnography, orthography, and scenography
what is ichnography
plan
what is orthography
elevation
what is scenography
the shaded rendering of the front and the receding sides as the latter converge on a point
eurythmia
shapeliness
what is shapeliness
an attractive appearance and a coherent aspect in the composition of the elements
what is correctness (decor)
the refined appearance of a building with respect given to its function, and elements designed accordingly
thematismos
function
what is an example that Vitruvius gives of function
when temples dedicated to Jupiter the Thunderer and Heaven or the Sun and Moon are made with open-air shrines
why would temples to deities such as Jupiter the Thunderer need to be built as open-air shrines, according to Vitruvius
because we see the appearance and effect of these divinities in the light of the outdoor world
what style would temples to Minerva, Mars, and Hercules be
Doric
why would temples to Minerva, Mars, and Hercules be Doric
because respect should be shown to their success in battle, meaning that their temples should be built with no embellishment
what style would temples to Venus, Proserpina, and the Fountain Spirits be built in
Corinthian
why would Corinthian be used for temples dedicated to Venus, Proserpina, and the nymphs
to suit their delicate nature
what does the Corinthian style consist of
slender, ornamental, and decoration with elements such as leaves
what style would temples to Juno, Diana, Father, and Liber be constructed in
Ionic
how does Vitruvius describe the Ionic style
as striking a balance between the stern lines of the Doric and the delicacy of the Corinthian
what is correctness of tradition
when the interior and exterior of a building are equally harmonius
what is correctness of nature
the selection of a correct and appropriate location for architecture
what is an example Vitruvius gives of natural correctness with regards to temples
temples to Gods such as Asclepius should be constructed in the most healthful regions, as Asclepius was the God of healing
how does Vitruvius describe natural correctness through light
the light for bedrooms should come from the East
the light for galleries should come from the North (to achieve the most constant illumination)
what is allocation
the efficient management of resources and site and the frugal, principled supervision of working expenses
what is the second definition of allocation
when the building befits its patronage - ‘when buildings are designed differently according to the habits of the heads of families’ etc
what are the two principal orders in Archaic and Classical Greek architecture
Doric and Ionic
what are the five architectural orders
Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Composite, and Tuscan
what do Doric columns try to represent
the perfection and the attractiveness of the male form
what are the defining features of Doric columns
they are fluted and have no base
what are the two parts of a Doric capital
the abacus (flat) and the echinus (cushion-like)
what rests on the Doric capital
the entablature
what is the Doric entablature comprised of
the architrave, the frieze, and the cornice
describe the Doric architrave
typically undecorated, has a narrow band to which are attached pegs, known as guttae
what decorates the frieze of a Doric column
alternating sets of triglyphs (three bars) and metopes
what are metopes
stone slabs that are frequently decorated with relief sculpture
what is a pediment
a triangular space enclosed by the gables at either end of the building (can also be seen as part of a door)
how was the pediment of Doric architecture often decorated
with sculpture (early on in relief and later in the round)
what are some of the best preserved examples of Doric architecture
the temple of Apollo at Corinth and the temple of Aphaia at Aegina
(why was Doric architecture used in worship of Aphaia, a mother goddess)
what are the defining features of Ionic columns
they have more vertical flutes than Doric architecture and they have bases
describe the Ionic capital
it has two volutes that rest atop a band of palm leaf ornaments
how does the entablature of an Ionic capital differ from that of a Doric capital
it generally has three horizontal bands in place of the architrave, frieze, and cornice of Doric capitals
describe the frieze of Ionic architecture
carved with relief sculpture arranged in a continuous pattern around the building
where does the Doric order most frequently occur
on the Greek mainland and at sites on the Italian peninsula, where there were many Greek colonies
where was the Ionic order most popular
among Greeks in Asia Minor and the Greek Islands
Note 
Flashcard (122)