Classifying minerals, rock cycle, rocks,natural resources(Unit #3)

what can minerals be catagorized by?

compositon

silicates

a combination of the elements silicon and oxygen

If they do not contain the elements silica and oxygen….

• they are called non-silicate minerals.

Silicate minerals make up…….(how much of earths crust)

97%

Native Elements

• contain only one element

ex of native elements

• sulfur and graphite

Carbonates

• contain the carbonate compound (CO₃).

Examples of carbonates

 calcite and dolomite

Oxides

• contain oxygen and a metal

Examples of oxidates

hematite and magnetite

A mineral or rock is an ORE if

• it contains a useful substance that can be mined for a profit.

examples of ores

• magnetite and hematite for iron, pyrite, graphite, sulfur, and galena.

why aren’t rocks and minerals the same thing

rocks are a mixture of minerals combined.

what two types of rock are 95% of the earths crusts made of

igneous and metamorphic rocks.

extrusive igneous properties

cool quickly

form of earths surface

smaller grained

form mainly from volcanoes

made from lava

ex of ex.igneous

• Basalt

• Pumice

• Obsidian

Intrusive Igneous properties

bigger or coarse grained

cools slowly

under earths surface

made from magma

ex of intrusive igneous rocks

• Granite

• Gabbro

• Diorite

Granitic/felsic igneous rock properties

• are light-colored igneous rocks that contain more silica and less iron and magnesium.

• They have a lower density.

Ex of granitic/felsic rocks

• Granite

• Pumice

• Rhyolite

Basaltic/ mafic igneous rock properties

• are dark colored igneous rock containing less silica and more iron and magnesium.

• They have a higher density.

ex of basaltic/mafic igneous rock

• Gabbro

• Basalt

• Scoria

Andesitic (intermediate) properties

• mineral compositions between granitic and basaltic rocks.mineral compositions between granitic and basaltic rocks.(MIX)

ex of Andesitic (intermediate) igneous rocks

• Diorite

• Andesite

where do sedimentary rocks form

near the surface

what are the layers sedimentary rocks form in called?

strata

CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY are made of…

• fragments of other rocks and minerals. 

how are clastic sedimentary rocks formed

Layers of small sediments are pressed together - compaction.

• Water and other minerals move through open spaces between larger sediments gluing them together- cementation. 

Sediments

rock fragments

how are Clastic Rocks identified

• by the size of the particles in the rock.

• coarse-grained rounded particles.

Conglomerate

• coarse-grained angular particles.

Breccia

how do Non-clastic - chemical sedimentary form

form from solutions of minerals and water.

• Mineral crystals form from solutions as the solution evaporates, or if too much of a substance is dissolved in a solution.

what are non clastic organic sedimentary rocks made of

• organic rocks are made from once living plants or animals.

ex of non-clastic organic sr

coal, chalk,coquina

metamorphism.

The process in which an existing rock is changed by heat and pressure is called

foliated metamorphic

• form when rocks consisting of more than one mineral are under pressure.

• Commonly occurs over large areas.

ex of foliated meta.

• Slate

• Gneiss

• Schist

Nonfoliated meta.

If a rock contains only one type of mineral or it changes because of contact with magma

ex of non foliated meta. rocks

• Quartzite

• Marble