BI 340 Phylum Annelida

Bilateral

General symmetry of phylum Annelida

Tissue and organs

Grade of construction of Annelida

Protostome

Embryology of Annelida

Segmented worms

Common name of Phylum Annelida

Vermiform

What is the body structure of phylum Annelida known as

Cephalization with ganglia

Describe the nervous system of Annelida

Complete

What kind of digestive tract do Annelida have

Closed

What kind of circulatory system do Annelida have

Metanephridia

What is the excretory structure of Annelida

Trochophore larvae

What kind of larva are associated with Phylum Annelida

Metamerism

The linear repetition of body regions in the form of distinctive segments containing similar parts (segmentation)

Chaetae

What is the name of the chitinous bristles present in some species of Annelida

Annuli

External rings visible due to metamerism

Septum

Internally separates each annuli (can be reduced or absent in some species)

coelom

Each annuli have an individual and separate _____

Serial homology

Each annuli/ segment due to metamerism exhibits the repetition of organs and structures which is known as

Homonomous

Refers to all segmentations being identical

Heternomous

Refers to each segment being specialized for different functions

Chaetopterdiae and sipuncula

What two clades comprise the Non-Polychaetes

Alternation of generations

Describe the reproductive nature of Clade Polychaeta

Clade Errant

Which clade of Polychaetes is associated with the highest diversity and contains the model Neris organism

Clade Sedenteria

Which clade of Polychaetes are burrowers, tube dwellers, and the clitellate which have few parapodia/ chaeta

Clade Thalassematidae and Clade Clitellata

What are the two clades within Clade Sedentaria

Clitellum

Clade Clitellata is characterized by the presence of the

Paraphyletic

What kind of clade is Clade Polychaeta

Marine

Polychaetas are primarily found in what kind of regions

Free moving

Clade errantia refers to worms that are ____ _____

Tube burrowing

Clade sedentaria refers to worms that are ____ ____

Parapodia

Fleshy, flattened lobed appendages which produce laterally from the body wall

Setae

Each pair/segment of parapodia bears many

Swimming, burrowing, crawling, feeding, water circulation, and ventilation

What are some of the functions of parapodia (generally)

Crawling

For errantia species specifically, what do the parapodia function in

Ventilation

For sedentaria specific specifically, what do the parapodia function in

Clitellum

A glandular swelling on midbody segments that secrete mucous for formation a cocoon

Earthworms

Members of Clade Clitellata which are primarily terrestrial and are economically valuable as they increase soil fertility as they break down organic material, aerate, and mix soil

Leeches

Members of clade Clitellata which are primarily found in freshwater regions and are ectoparasites on vertebrates

Dorsoventrally flattened

Describe the morphological characteristic of leeches (body shape)

Coelom

This is not a distinct cavity within leeches; rather it is a series of channels and sinuses formed by the invasion of connective tissue

Leeches

Hirudinea is commonly known as

Spoon worms

Clade Thalassematidae is commonly known as

Benthic marine

What is the regions where Clade Thalassematidae ("Spoon Worms") are found

2

How many parts compose the body of Clade Thalassematidae ("Spoon Worms")

Chaeta

Clade Thalassematidae have a few ______ on their parapodia

Non-retractable

What is the type of proboscis associated with Clade Thalassematidae ("Spoon worms")

Large

Describe the size of the coelom in Clade Thalassematidae

Genital sacs

What kind of reproductive structures do Clade Thalassematidae have

Anal sacs

What is the main excretory structure of Clade Thalassematidae; also associated with metanephridia

Peanut worms

What is the common name of Clade Sipincula

Benthic marine

Clade Spincula are burrowers found where

Unsegmented

Unlike Earthworms, the body of Clade Sipincula is _________

Introvert

On Peanut worms, this structure is found on the anterior region and is similar to a proboscis

U shaped

What is the shape of the gut in Clade Sipuncula

None

What kind of circulatory system does Clade Sipincula have

Contraction of longitudinal muscles on one side of body assisted by the extension of parapodia

How do Errant polychaete move (Crawling)

Peristaltic

What kind of movement is associated with Annelid locomotion

Polychaetes

Within this clade of Annelids, the septa is incomplete and cavities are interconnected

Oligochaetes

Within this group (Earthworms) the septa is complete and cavities are separate

Contract

In Annelids with complete septa and separate cavities, as the segments ______ the segments change length (ex. Oligochaetes)

Inchworm movement

What form of movement is associated with leeches

Leeches

These organisms have a reduced coelom and incomplete septa therefore they use suckers as point of contact to move

Parapodia

Tube dwelling worms generally have reduced _____

Calcium carbonate, organic parchment, and cemented soil particles

What are the 3 basic types of tubes associated with tube dwelling worms

Raptorial

Refers to the predation method of annelida which use external appendages to gather food

Sit and wait predators

What kind of predators are burrowing worms

Pharynx

Many errant polychaete and oligiochaetes utilize their ____ to create suction to suck up small prey

Sedentaria, sipuncula, and oligochaetes

Which various Annelida species use direct deposit feeding for feeding

tentacles

Annelids which are selective deposit feeders use what structure to sort out material to primarily feed on detritus

Water currents

Some sedentary polychaete utilize _____ ____ to liquify sediments in their burrow

Sabellids

These organisms use finely branched tentacles to suspension feed

Pinnules

Within the Sabellids, cilia create water currents through ______ and food is brought to the mouth via a cilia lined food groove

Parchment worm

This organism uses fan parapodia to create water flow to move through the burrow to suspension feed

Mucus bag

Parchment worms use this structure to capture food particles where the mucus is rolled into ball and passed to mouth

Innkeeper worm

This organism has a mucous net in U-shaped burrows which creates water currents by body peristalsis to bring in food

3 part jaw

Leeches use what structure to pierce skin

Hirudin

What is the anesthetic and anticoagulant released by Leeches upon attachment to host

Leeches

These can consume several times their weight and go without feeding up to one year in total

Musosal membranes

Some leeches also feed by entering

Cutaneous respiration

Most Annelids rely on what mechanism for gas exchange

Feeding tentacles and modified parapodia

What are some accessory structures used by Annelida for respiration or to increase respiratory surface area

Gills

For respiration, some parapodia can be modified into

Hemoglobin

Most common respiratory pigment in Annelids

Hemrythrin and chlorocruorin

What are the other 2 less common respiratory pigments in Annelids

dioecious

Marine annelids are sexually

Permanent

Gonads of annelids are not ____

Peritoneum

Gametes are produced by cells of the ____ and released into the coelom

Broadcast spawning

Which method of external fertilization is common for annelids

Epitoky

Refers to some Errant Polychaetes in which the entire individual or a posterior portion which buds off transforms into a reproductive stage

Epitokes

In Epitoky organisms, the product known as the _____ swims into plankton to spawn

Bonellids

Organsims in which are sexually dioecious and females are characterized by large proboscis and male with small proboscis and the sex of larva is dependent on where they settle

Female

if the larva of a Bonnelid is alone, the sex is

Male

if the larva of a Bonnelid is near other females, the sex becomes

On or inside

In Bonnelids, males are tiny and live _______ or ______ the female

Hermaphroditic

Organisms of the Clitellata (Earthworms and leeches) are sexually _________ and have permanent gonands and reproductive structures

Cross fertilization

Fertilization of members of the Clitellata are internal and usually involves

Cocoon

The clitellum functions in the formation of the ______ by producing mucous and albumin

Indirect

Marine annelids are associated with what kind of development

Trochophore larva

What kind of larva do marine annelids have

Direct

Members of the Clitellata have what kind of development (no larval stage)

Molluscs

Development / larva of marine annelids is similar to

Beard worms, bone worms, and vestimentiferan worms

What are the common members of the Sibloglind worms