Exam 2 Grammer

据…显示

Ju4…[a source (资料，统计，调查，报道)]…xian3shi4

According to statistics/a survey/research/a report …shows

• Used in formal writing to provide evidence or support claims

• [Ju4]网上资料[xian3shi4], 全世界70亿人中，有30多亿人玩电子游戏

…其中…

[a statement about the total/whole]..,[qi2zhong1]…[a subset] + [description among which]

• Used to introduce a specific part or detail within a larger whole

• 世界上有30多亿人玩电子游戏，[qi2zhong1]有一半人是在手机上玩

• Can be paired with A+占+B+的+ percentage

所谓的…就是

[suo3wei4]”….”,就是….

The so-called “…..” means …..

• Used to define, explain or clarify a term, concept, or phrase that may need elaboration

• [suo3wei4]的“手游”，就是在手机上玩的游戏

…占…的

[subset]+[zhan4]+[total]+的+[percentage]

[subset] takes up x% of [total]

• 中美日三国玩游戏的人数[zhan4]三国中人口的50%

• 据2021年5月的一项统计显示，中国65岁以上的人口大概[zhan4]中人口的13.5%

…把…和…联系起来

[Subj]把A和B[lian2xi4qi3lai2]

“To link A and B together”

• 共同的爱好会把人家[lian2xi4qi4lai2]

…给…带来…

[“A” - a behavior/thing]+给+[person/thing]+带来+[Abstract noun (result)]

• A brings/causes/results in B experiencing something

• Emphasizes the effect that A has on B

• Result can be positive, negative, or neutral depending on context

• 游戏可以给玩家带来不同的人生体验

…按照…

Subj+[an4zhao4]+[Noun]+[verb]

• To do something according to or based on the standard/criteria

• 玩家可以让游戏里的人物[an4zhao4]自己希望的生活方式生活

…及时的…

[ji2shi2de]+[Noun]

• Something is provided or received promptly or in time

• 玩游戏能得到[ji2shi2de]反馈

…满足…的

[“A” (something/doing. Sth)]+man3zu2+[“B” (somebody/something)]+的+[心里需求/要求/条件/愿望/好奇心]

• “A” satisfies/meets “B”’s need/demand/condition/wish/curiosity

• Can also be structured as: [sb]+[的要求/需求]+[得到]+[man3zu2]

• 玩游戏能得到及时的反馈，满足了人们“被关注”和“被表扬”的心理需求

…由…

[something]+[you2]+[somebody]+[verb]

• Something is done by someone

• [you2] functions like “by” in English

• Often used to assign tasks, responsibility, or highlight who is in charge of something

• 这家公司是由三个热爱动漫的上海研究上在2012年创建的

• 在我家，一般来说，重要的事情都有爸爸来决定。

…分别…

[subj]+分别+[verb]

• Separately, respectively

• As an adverb, it is often used to show that:

  • Multiple people/things each do something separately

  • Or one person does multiple things one by one

• 玩家可以选择扮演双胞胎里的某一人，然后分别到七个国家旅行

  • Players can choose to play as one of the twins, and then separately travel to the seven countries

• 暑期班的同学分别来自十多所不同的美国大学

  • The students in the summer program come from over ten different American colleges

…带有…特色

[Something]+[带有]+[Region]+特色

• Something with [regional/cultural] flavor/ Something that reflects the characteristics of [a place]

• 游戏中友谊过的建筑(jian4zhu4), 服装，风景，音乐，都带有明显的中国特色

• 这次来中国，我给中国朋友准备了几件带有美国特色的小礼物

…通过…

[Subj]+通过+method/route+[Verb phrase] (achieve a goal)

• Indicates the method, way, or channel used to achieve something

• 公司大概是想通过这样的设计(she4ji4 - design)把中国文化展示给世界各国的玩家吧

…促进…的

[A] 促进 [B] 的 + disyllabic verb (发展，进步，交流）

• “A” helps/speeds up the occurrence or improvement of “B”’s development/progress/etc

• 他们的成功促进了互联网公司的发展

• AI技术的发展一定会促进社会的进步

…和…有…的关系

[A]和[B]的+[adjective (直接/密切/很大/某种]+的关系

• Two things/entities/topics that are related

• Adjective describes closeness, strength, or nature of the relationship

• 中国手游的发展和微信的普及有密切(mi4qie4)的关系

…把…作为…

[Subject]+把+[Noun 1]+作为+ [Noun 2]

• “To take N1 and N2” or “to regard/use N1 as N2”

• “作为“ implies a more literal meaning of something actually serving or acting as a role

• “视为”is more subjective, something being regarded or perceived as something else

• 最近，中国有人提出，不在把外语卓伟中小学的主课

既然…就

[ji1ran2]…[jiu4]

Since…then

• Restates a known scenario, reason, or premise

• Main clause presents the logical conclusion derived from the condition outlined in the clouse

• Often used to give advice to others

• [ji1ran2]你在美国公司找工作，[jiu4]应该待在美国工作

• Can be asked in question form

  • Since…why do you still..?

  • 既然这样，为什么还要花那么多时间学外语呢？

…看来…

[fact/situation], 看来…[inference/conclusion]…

• “Apparently” or “it appears that”

• 大多数学生在将来的工作和生活中也少用到外语。就算要用外语，也可以用翻译软件。[看来]这些人主张外语退出主课的一个重要理由是大多数人将来用不上外语

• 这部电影的票卖得很快，看来很受欢迎

…主张…

[Subj] + [zhu3zhang1] + [Clause (idea/belief)]

• Subject advocates/suggests/proposes that…

• [zhu3zhang1] means to advocate, propose, or to argue for a certain idea, belief, or course of action

• 这些人主张外语退出主课的一个重要理由是大多数人将来用不上外语

…得上/不上…

[Subj.]+V+[得上/不上]+Object

• Shows whether an action can or cannot be successfully completed

• Focuses on whether the action is achievable or possible, not whether it actually happened

• 大多数人将来用不上外语

• 我的手机坏了，充不上电

…有必要/没（有）必要…

[Doing something]+有必要/没（有）必要

• Doing something is/(or isn’t) necessary

  • 如果我们想移民到另一个国家，学会哪个国家的语言就更有必要了

• [Subj]+有必要/没（有）必要 + [do something]

  • Someone needs (or doesn’t need) to do something

  • 这门课很少有人不及格(pass)，你没必要太担心

…绝不仅仅…也…

[Subj]+jue2bu4jin3jin3+[Verb phrase 1]+也+[Verb phrase 2]

• “Jue2bu4” means “absolutely not” while “jin3jin3” means “only”

• Expresses that something is not just about one thing, it also involves another (often more meaningful or important) aspect

• 学外语[jue2bu4jin3jin3]是为了实用，[也]是成为世界公民的一个必要条件

…是…的必要条件

A是B的必要条件

• A is a necessary condition for B

• 会一门外语是成为是公民的一个必要条件

成为

[Subj]成为+professions, roles, or statuses

• Emphasizes the result of a change or development

• 大多数人学习乐器也不是为了将来成为音乐家

…不就…吗

[Subj]+不就+[VP]+吗

• “Isn’t it exactly…?” Or “Isn’t that simply…?”

• used to express rhetorical questions that emphasize the obviousness or naturalness of something

• 学外语本身不就是一件快乐的事情吗？

本身

[NP/VP]+本身

• Draws attention to the subject “as it is” apart from outside factors or interpretations

• 这个问题本身不难，难的是这么解决它

大量

[Subj] + 大量 + [verb]

• Do something in large quantity/to great extent

• Functions as an adverb, modifying the verb to emphasize that the action is done widely or in large amounts

• 历史上，日本，韩国，越南都大量借用过中文的词汇(vocabulary)

…是由…音译而来的

[A]是由[B]+[yin1yi4er2lai2]+的

• A is transliterated from B

• Used to describe a loanword from one language to another

• 日语的gyoza就是由中文的“饺子”[yin1yi4er2lai2]+的

…相当…

[Subj] + [xiang1dang1] + [adj]

• [Subj] is “quite/rather/fairly” [adj]

• Used to express a fairly high degree of a quality

• 不同语言的表达方式也[xiang1dang1]有趣

…是否…

A more formal version of “是不是“

• 是否 is used when connected to a verb or clouse

• 是否是 is used when connected to nouns or adjectives

只要是…就少不了

只要是….[condition/category]…就少不了+VP

• As long as it is…, then it can’t go without (verb phrase)

• 只要是人，每天就都少不了“吃喝拉撒“

一般不…而是

[Subject]+一般不…，而是…

• Subject generally doesn’t, but rather…

• 人们一般喜欢直接说“拉屎”，而是说“大便”

…不仅…甚至连…都

[Statement]…[Subject] + 不仅…甚至连…都

• Not only…,but even

• 中国以前不仅公共厕所的数量不多，厕所的卫生条件也不好，甚至连手指都没有

专门的…

专门的+N

A specialized/specific/dedicated (thing/person/place)

• 有的厕所还有专门的服务员