Gluconeogenesis and Glycolysis Overview

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. They include definitions and key concepts from the lecture notes.

Gluconeogenesis

The synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors such as pyruvate, amino acids, and glycerol.

Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)

A selective barrier that protects the brain from neurotoxins and pathogens, only allowing highly lipophilic molecules to pass by simple diffusion.

Irreversible Steps in Glycolysis

The three steps in glycolysis that must be bypassed during gluconeogenesis.

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

A key intermediate in gluconeogenesis, formed from oxaloacetate.

Pyruvate carboxylase

An enzyme that converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate in gluconeogenesis.

Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

A key regulator that stimulates phosphofructokinase and inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase.

Cori Cycle

The metabolic pathway that recycles lactate from muscles back to glucose in the liver.

Biotin

An activated carrier of CO2 groups, involved in the carboxylation of pyruvate.

Glycogen

The storage form of glucose in the body, primarily found in the liver and muscles.

Respiratory burst

The rapid release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from immune cells to kill pathogens.