Unit 5

AP History Unit 5

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hildago

Treaty ending the Mexican-American war and also granting the U.S. the lands known as the Mexican-Cession.

Compromise of 1850

Agreement proposed by Henry Clay designed to alleviate tension growing between the North and the South following the Mexican Cession.

Fugitive Slave Act

Part of the Compromise of 1850 designed to support the South; however it angered the North by requiring them to return escaped slaves or face penalty.

Popular Sovereignty

Idea within the Compromise of 1850, which would allow territories to choose whether or not they wished to allow slavery in their borders.  Later, popular sovereignty will lead to Bleeding Kansas when it is applied to the Louisiana Purchase territory.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Writer of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a novel critical of the practice of slavery and leading to tension between the North and the South over the institution. 

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Law supported by Stephen Douglas advocating for the allowance of popular sovereignty in lands above the 36’30” line of the Louisiana Purchase.  The law will ultimately lead to conflict in Kansas and brutality by both pro-slavery supporters and anti-slavery advocates known as Bleeding Kansas.

John Brown’s Raid

Unsuccessful raid of the Virginia arsenal at Harpers Ferry by abolitionist John Brown that led to his eventual hanging.

Scalawags

White southerners who collaborated with northerners during Reconstruction.

Carpetbaggers

White northerners who came south during Reconstruction to benefit financially from opportunity or to help support the assimilation of slaves into society.

Federalists

Political group that supported a strong central government and the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

Democratic-Republicans

A political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in opposition to the Federalists, advocating for agrarian interests and states' rights.

Whigs

A political party active in the early to mid-19th century that opposed the Democrats, promoting modernization and economic protectionism.

War of 1812

Conflict between the United States and Britain from 1812 to 1815, driven by issues such as trade restrictions and impressment of American sailors. It ended with the Treaty of Ghent and fostered a sense of American nationalism.

Monroe Doctorine

A U.S. foreign policy statement made by President James Monroe in 1823, declaring that European nations should no longer colonize or interfere in the Americas, asserting that the Western Hemisphere was under U.S. influence.

Market Revolution

A period of rapid economic transformation in the early 19th century characterized by the rise of industrialization, transportation improvements, and changes in agricultural practices, leading to increased market-oriented production.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement in the early 19th century that emphasized personal piety and social reform, significantly influencing American religious life and prompting various reform movements.

When did the Trail of Tears take place

1838-1839

Era of Good Feelings

A period of American history following the War of 1812, characterized by national unity, political stability, and the decline of partisan conflicts.

Mexican Cession

The territory that Mexico ceded to the United States in 1848 following the Mexican–American War.

Panic of 1819

The first major financial crisis in the United States, characterized by widespread economic downturn, bank failures, and high unemployment. This crisis marked a significant turning point in the U.S. economy and revealed the vulnerabilities of a growing nation, impacting politics and regional interests as different areas faced unique challenges.

Panic of 1937

A major financial crisis in the United States that led to a severe economic depression lasting until the mid-1840s. Triggered by a combination of speculative lending practices, falling cotton prices, and a banking crisis, it resulted in widespread bank failures, unemployment, and a significant decline in real estate values, impacting both the economy and political landscape of the nation.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention held in the United States, taking place in July 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York. It marked a pivotal moment in the early women's suffrage movement, as it was where activists gathered to discuss social, civil, and religious rights for women, producing the Declaration of Sentiments that called for gender equality.

Aid Yeoman

The various forms of support and assistance provided to small-scale landowners, particularly in the early 19th century, who cultivated their own land and were seen as the backbone of agrarian society.

Alien and Sedition Acts

A series of four laws enacted in 1798 during the presidency of John Adams that aimed to restrict the activities of foreign residents in the United States and limit free speech.

Embargo Act

A law passed by the United States Congress that prohibited American ships from trading with foreign nations, primarily aimed at Britain and France during the Napoleonic Wars.

Worcester v. Georgia

A landmark Supreme Court case decided in 1832 that established tribal sovereignty and recognized the rights of Native American nations to govern themselves independently of state laws.

Aaron Burr

An American politician and lawyer who served as the third Vice President of the United States under Thomas Jefferson from 1801 to 1805

Tenskwatawa

As the Prophet, was a Native American religious leader and the brother of Shawnee chief Tecumseh.

What came out of the Battle of San Jacinto

The Republic of Texas