cardiovascular system

angina pectoris

severe pain and sensation of constriction around heart; caused by myocardial ischemia

cardiac arrest

complete stopping of heart activity

cardiomegaly

an abnormally enlarged heart

cardiomyopathy

myocardial disease; may be caused by viral infection, congestive heart failure, or alcohol abuse; common reason for heart transplant

congenital septal defect (CSD)

hole, present at birth, in heart septum; allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

congestive heart failure (CHF)

left ventricle muscle is too weak to efficiently pump blood; results in weakness, breathlessness, and edema

coronary artery disease (CAD)

poor blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary arteries; may cause angina pectoris and heart attack

endocarditis

inflammation of membranes lining the heart; if cause is bacterial, a bacterial colony called vegetation may form

heart valve prolapse

cusps are too loose and fail to shut tightly; allows regurgitation

heart valve stenosis

cusps are too stiff; unable to shut tightly; allows regurgitation

myocardial infarction (MI)

occlusion of coronary artery; results in a myocardial infarct; a heart attack

myocarditis

inflammation of heart muscle layer

pericarditis

inflammation of pericardial sac

tetralogy of Fallot

combination of four congenital anomalies; pulmonary stenosis, interventricular septal defect, improper placement of aorta, hypertrophy of right ventricle; requires immediate surgery

valvulitis

inflammation of a heart valve

arrhythmia

irregularity in heart beat or action

bundle branch block (BBB)

electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down the bundle of HIS or bundle branches

bradycardia

condition of having a slow heart rate

fibrillation

serious arrhythmia characterized by abnormal quivering or contraction of heart fibers; may result in cardiac arrest

flutter

atria beat too rapidly but maintain a regular pattern

premature atrial contraction (PAC)

atria contract earlier than they should

premature ventricular contraction (PVC)

ventricles contract earlier than they should

tachycardia

condition of having a fast heart rate

aneurysm

weakness and ballooning of arterial wall; commonly seen in abdominal and cerebral arteries

arteriorrhexis

a ruptured artery

arteriosclerosis

hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; often due to atherosclerosis

atheroma

deposit of fatty substance in wall of artery, bulges into and narrows artery; also called a plaque

atherosclerosis

most common form of arteriosclerosis; lipid plaques form in arterial wall

coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

severe congenital narrowing of aorta

hemorrhoid

varicose veins in anal region

hypertension (HTN)

high blood pressure; essential or primary hypertension is due to CV disease; secondary hypertension results from another disease

hypotension

decrease in blood pressure; may be due to shock or anemia

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

congenital heart anomaly where fetal connection between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close at birth

peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

abnormal condition affecting any blood vessel outside the heart; symptoms may include pain, pallor, and blocked circulation

phlebitis

inflammation of a vein

polyarteritis

inflammation of several arteries

Raynaud's phenomenon

periodic ischemic attacks affecting extremities; especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; extremities become cyanotic; triggered by cold exposure

thrombophlebitis

inflammation of vein resulting in blood clots within a vein

varicose veins

swollen and distended veins; often in the legs

auscultation

listening to sounds within body using a stethoscope

sphygmomanometer

blood pressure cuff; measures blood pressure

stethoscope

instrument for listening to body sounds

infarct

area of necrotic tissue due to loss of blood supply

ischemia

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to a circulatory obstruction

murmur

a sound in addition to normal heart sounds; may or may not indicate an abnormality

orthostatic hypotension

sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up suddenly

palpitations

pounding, racing heartbeats

plaque

yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in an artery; hallmark of atherosclerosis

regurgitation

to flow backwards; in CV system refers to backflow of blood through a valve

thrombus

blood clot within a blood vessel; may partially or completely occlude blood vessel

blood analyzer

automated machine that analyzes different characteristics of a blood specimen

blood culture and sensitivity (C&S)

incubation of blood to identify bacteria and determine the best antibiotic to use against them

complete blood count (CBC)

set of tests that includes RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell differential, and platelet count

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

determines the rate at which RBCs settle in a test tube

hematocrit (HCT, Hct, crit)

measures volume of RBCs

hemoglobin (Hgb, hb, HB)

measures amount of hemoglobin present

platelet count

determines the number of platelets

prothrombin time (pro-time, PT)

measures how long it takes for blood to coagulate and form a clot

red blood cell count (RBC)

measures the number of red blood cells

red blood cell morphology

examines RBCs for abnormalities in shape

white blood cell count (WBC)

measures the number of white blood cells

white blood cell differential (diff)

determines the number of each variety of white blood cell

bone marrow aspiration

sample of bone marrow removed by aspiration and examined for diseases such as leukemia and aplastic anemia

phlebotomy

incision into vein in order to withdraw blood for testing; also called venipuncture

autologous transfusion

collection and storage of patient's own blood prior to actual need

blood transfusion

artificial transfer of blood into the bloodstream

bone marrow transplant (BMT)

patient receives red bone marrow from donor after patient's own bone marrow has been destroyed

homologous transfusion

replacement of blood with blood from another person

packed red cells

transfusion of only red blood cells without plasma

plasmapheresis

removal of whole blood, followed by separation of plasma from formed elements; formed elements are returned to the patient with donor plasma

whole blood

transfusion that is a mixture of both plasma and formed elements

additive

the sum action of two or more drugs given to a patient; the total strength is equal to the sum strength of the individual drugs

contraindication

a condition in which a particular drug should not be used

drug interaction

alteration of the effect of one drug by another drug taken at the same time

potentiation

use of one drug to boost the effects of another; the total strength is greater than the sum of the individual strengths

anticoagulant

prevents blood clot formation; example: warfarin, Coumadin

antihemorrhagic

prevents bleeding; example: Amicar, vitamin K

antiplatelet agent

interferes with action of platelets; example: Plavix, Ticlid

fibrinolytic

dissolves existing clots; example: Activase, tissue plasminogen activator

hematinic

increases RBCs or hemoglobin; example: Procrit, Aranesp

If you want, I can also make this into a Quizlet import format with commas instead of tabs.