West Civ Q1 T2

Crete

island the Minoans settled on

Minos

who was king of the Minoans

labyrinth

what did King Minos create that involved the minitaur (maze)

fresco

art the Minoans made that was colorful and put on walls

crete

oldest city in europe?

Mycenaenas

took over the Minoans

oikos

palace complexes oh top of hills

1st & biggest city

what was Mycenae

royal is on top the hill and as you go down the hill the people get poorer until you get to the bottom with the peasants

how was the Mycenae society structured

group of independent states

what is a confederacy

Agamemnon

who makes an alliance with some city states to attack troy

menelaus

Agamemnon's brother

the collapse of the Mycenaeans and farming declined

what lead to the start of the dark ages for greece

Phoenicians

the Greeks formed the alphabet from who

trade

what did the Greeks use the alphabet for mainly

blind poet who wrote the Iliad and Odyssey

who was homer

it tells the story of the 10 yr war between the greeks and trojans

what did the illiad tell

helen was stolen by Paris the prince of Troy

what event lead to the start of the trojan war

married to Menelaus, and queen of sparta

who was helen

estate/ socio political unit

what was an oikos

oikonomikos

the word for trade and communication between oikos

town/ urban environment

what is a polis

Arete

greek for virtue

used for commercialization and marketplace

agora

loyalty and virtuous

greek was focused on ________ to the land and ________ principles

language

where does the greek identity come from

Kouros

1st statue ever made (life sized)

hoplite- solider in the greek military; phalanx- formation greeks used in battle

what is a hoplite and a phalanx

Monarchy- rule by one king, usually strong and just at first; tyranny- over time, kings can become corrupt or abusive, turning into tyrants; Aristocracy - the people overthrow the tyrant and power shifts to the "best men" (nobles); Oligarchy - Aristocrats grow greedy, and power narrows to a few rich elites; Democracy - Common people revolt, giving rule to the majority; Anarchy - If democracy becomes chaotic or lawless, it collapses into disorder; Back to Monarchy - In chaos, people turn to a strong leader again, restarting the cycle.

how do the forms of govt change (short answer)

hate change; relied on farming and slaves; strict on loyalty and military

name the 3 major characteristics of Sparta

to avoid revolt

what was the point of the Peloponnesian league

the lawmaker of Sparta and militarized them

who was Lycurgus

navy, trade, democracy

3 main characteristics of Athens

Draco- 1 constitution, very harsh; Solon- reformed Draco, oligarchy, too kind and falls to tyranny

what was the difference in these 2 leader of Athens? Draco VS Solon

participants from each deme to discuss discrepancies

what was the council of 500

he divided it equally into "demes"

what did Cleisthenes do about the land

perisan war

what starts the classical period in greece

a settlement of greek speakers in Anatolia ruled by the persians

what is Ionia

the Ionian revolt

what happens to "ignite the fire for war" between greeks and persians

the Ionias revolted with the help of Athens

what happened during the Ionian revolt

The Persians landed at Marathon, about 26 miles from Athens, planning to conquer the city.

The Athenians (with some Plataean allies) met them on the plain of Marathon and defeated them using the strategy of the Phalanx

what was the battle of marathon

Pheidippides

who ran 26 miles to ask for help from Athens

buffed Athenian navy to 200 ships, democratically elected

who was Themistocles

cruel leader in Persia, vowed to take down Athens and wanted to go to the Oracle of Delphi

who was Xerxes

shrine to apollo(god of sun and fortune) center of the world

what was the oracle of Delphi

the spot in which Xerxes use boats as a bridge to get from Persia to Greece

what was hellespont

300 spartans attempt to hold off the Persians while the Athenian Navy must win agaisnst the Persian navy at Salamis; athenian traitor showed back road allowing Persians to surround them completely

what was the battle of Thermopylae

athenian navy must beat the persian navy but Athens was burned forcing all to retreat

battle of Salamis

all the greek city states come together for the first time and defeat Persians

battle of Plataea

Greeks

who won the war

lived in Halicarn and wrote the first west history book "founder of west history"

who was Herdotus

an alliance between city states to protect each other if Persia decided to attack again

what was the Delian league

Naxos and Thasos tried to withdraw and Athenian attacked them forcing them to stay

Athens dominated the league and the Persians didn't come back. what did that lead to

Peloponessian War

what ends the classical period of greece

art of effective speaking or writing

Rhetoric

polytheistic, sacrafice, temples

what was the religion of greece like

in pursuit of the perfect human form

why were the olympic games a thing

wandering tutors; learned through conversation

who were sophists

learning through conversation

what was the socratic method

student of Socrates, founded the academy of Athens, idealism

who was Plato

not grounded by reality, knowledge of the mind

what is idealism

student of plato, math, realism

who is Aristotle

knowledge of the practical world

what is realism

someone dies lesson learned

what is a tragedy play

The Oresteia; Aeschylus

what was the first play? who wrote it

Herodotus and Thucydides

who wrote history of the Persian war? who wrote history of Peloponnesian war?

Delian League(Athens) vs. Peloponnesian League(Sparta)

who fought in the Peloponnesian war

sparta attacks bc Athens tried to take Corinth and Megara; they attack Attica and set fields on fire

who attacks first in the PP War

Athens hides behind city walls thinking they are safe but are struck by "The Great Plague"

what happens to Athens