ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY - CHAPTER 13

A polysynaptic reflex has at least ________ in the reflex pathway.

two synapses and three neurons

Which type of reflex always involves skeletal muscles?

Somatic reflexes.

The reflex that complements a withdrawal reflex by making compensatory adjustments on the opposite side of the body receiving the stimulus is the...

crossed extensor reflex.

Spinal interneurons prevent muscle antagonists from interfering with an intended movement by...

the process of reciprocal inhibition.

Choose the correct statement about the knee-jerk reflex.

A monosynaptic pathway causes the quadriceps muscle to contract, while a polysynaptic pathway causes the antagonistic muscle to relax.

Choose the FALSE statement about reflexes.

Reflexes are useful primarily for medical diagnosis; they serve little practical purpose otherwise.

Which statement(s) about reflexes are TRUE?

- Some reflexes involve activity in inhibitory neurons, which can cause a muscle to relax.

- The crossed extensor reflex is a postural reflex to maintain balance when one foot is lifted from the ground.

- The limb withdrawal that occurs during a withdrawal reflex primarily involves flexor muscles.

Which class of movement can be considered a combination of the other two?

Rhythmic.

________________ sensory input is used for postural control.

Visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive

Which of the following structure(s) must always be present in order for you to have a skeletal muscle reflex arc?

- Integrating center.

- Efferent neuron.

- Stimulus.

-Target cell.

- Afferent neuron.

- Receptors.

Drag and drop each of the following terms to the correct slot on a simple skeletal muscle reflex arc.

Skeletal muscle reflexes can be either monosynaptic or polysynaptic. Which of the following statements is true regarding monosynaptic versus polysynaptic skeletal muscle reflexes?

Monosynaptic reflexes are composed of only two neurons between the stimulus and target cell, while polysynaptic reflexes contain three or more neurons.

Below is a picture of the patellar tendon reflex arc. Use this figure to answer the following question in the coaching activity.

Drag and drop each event in order to match each of the following phrases with its correct category.

Stimulus:

- Stretch of the muscle.

Below is a picture of the patellar tendon reflex arc. Use this figure to answer the following question in the coaching activity.

Drag and drop each event in order to match each of the following phrases with its correct category.

Receptor:

- Muscle spindle.

Below is a picture of the patellar tendon reflex arc. Use this figure to answer the following question in the coaching activity.

Drag and drop each event in order to match each of the following phrases with its correct category.

Afferent neuron:

- Action potential travels through the sensory neuron.

Below is a picture of the patellar tendon reflex arc. Use this figure to answer the following question in the coaching activity.

Drag and drop each event in order to match each of the following phrases with its correct category.

Integrating center:

- Symptoms of sensory neuron in the spinal cord.

Below is a picture of the patellar tendon reflex arc. Use this figure to answer the following question in the coaching activity.

Drag and drop each event in order to match each of the following phrases with its correct category.

Target:

- Hamstring muscle.

- Quadricep muscle.

Below is a picture of the patellar tendon reflex arc. Use this figure to answer the following question in the coaching activity.

Drag and drop each event in order to match each of the following phrases with its correct category.

Response:

- Relaxation of hamstrings.

- Contraction of quadriceps.

Is the patellar tendon reflex a monosynaptic or polysynaptic reflex?

Both.

What would happen if a person were to sustain an injury that severed the alpha motor neurons leading to the leg muscles in the crossed extensor portion of the reflex?

Upon a painful stimulus, a person would withdraw their leg and then lose their balance and possibly fall over.

Is the cross extensor reflex a monosynaptic or polysynaptic reflex?

Polysynaptic.

Drag and drop each of the following phrases associated with the crossed extensor reflex in the correct sequential order.

Rank from earliest to latest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

1) An individual steps on a thumbtack.

2) Pain stimulates nociceptors.

3) Sensory neurons deliver information to the spinal cord.

4) Withdrawal reflex pulls the limb away from the tack.

5) Crossed extensor reflex supports the body.