Intro To Corrections Chapter 2

The Pennsylvania System Required:

• inmate silence

• based on solitary confinement

• individual cells providing sunlight

• separation of inmates

• inmate labor done in cells

The Auburn System

• consisted of individual cells, however centralized eating/work areas for group labor, militaristic procession, and enforced silence

• inside cells and floor composed of multi-level stacking, cell blocks, like legos

Dimensions for Auburn System Cell “Blocks”

height: 7 feet

width: 5 feet

length: 9 feet

Auburn System included..

the “Lockstep March” to move inmates around facility

Pennsylvania v. Auburn System

• supporters of the pennsylvania system claimed control the prisoners was easier and individualized for rapport

• supporters of the auburn system claimed cheaper to expenses and produced more money for the state

• shared belief = silence was the key

Prison Rules

NOT rehabilitation

Elam Lynds

• extreme disciplinarian warden at auburn and then later at sing sing prisons

• his belief was “convicts were cowards who could not be reformed until their spirit was broken”

• discipline a must!

Uniforms with stripes came into being in…

1815 in new york

• easy classification

• psychology

• identification

Color Classification

1. red → for highest risk inmates

2. yellow → lost priviliage/restrictions

3. orange → general population

4. blue → trustee/workers

5. tan/beige → short timers

6. pink → new prisoners (wear this color for first 90 days)

Two of the greatest innovations to the development of penology or corrections from the penitentiary era:

• prison industries

• interior cell-block design

Zebulon Brockway

first reformatory superintendent

2 main contributions from Educational Programs

• indeterminate sentence

• parole

Lease System

• akin to slavery

• cheap labor

• ward of state

• prison farms

Political Support

government supported the industrial prison because it made them profit.

Industrial Prison

• unfair competition is the reason the prison did not last long

  • the hawes- cooper act

  • tax products

  • the ashurst- sumners act

  • no interstate transport

The result of the opposition to prison industries and the end of the industrial prison led to the return of:

• emphasis on punishment/custody

• enforced idleness

• reformatory methods

Prison Classification Systems

• alcatrax

• lock psychosis (mental)

• convict bogey (physical)

Prison Riots

• since emphasis was placed back onto punishment, it was the elimination of prison industry programs which eventually led to increased prison riots

• they rioted for overcrowding, medical treatment, unedible stale food

“Get Tough On Crime

• from 1980 to 2008, the number of state and federal prison inmates in the nation increased more than 50%

New Alternatives To Prison

• probation programs

• parole for non-violent

• indeterminate sentencing