AP bio diffusion

Hydrophobic vs hydrophilic molecules

hydrophobic= non polar such as gases, can pass through

hydrophilic= charged polar such a as ions glucose, water need help to pass

hypertonic solution (3)

higher solute concentration outside then inside cell

water moves out of the cell

cell shrinkage

hypotonic solution

higher water then solute outside cell

water moves into the cell

lyst, swell of cell

electrochemical pump/gradient

combined difference in concentration and electrical charge across membrane, increase ion movement

water potential

predicts direction of water movement, using solute concentration and physical pressure.

formula for water poticetial

water potential= solute potential +pressure potential

which is: solute potential= -ICRT

Waterpotiential= ICRT, what do they mean?

I=ionization constant

C= molar concentration

R= pressure constant

T-Temperature in Kelvin (+273)

receptor mediated endocytosis

molecules bind to cell surface receptors before being internalized in vesicles

once 3 Na bind to site

Atp binding site opens and binds

what causes the sodium pump to change direction

hydrolysis of Atp

primary protein structure

linear sequence of amino acids

peptide bond

secondary protein stricture

local folding patterns of polypeptide chain (a helix and b sheet)

hydrogen bonds

tertiary structure

overall 3D shape of protein

bond determined by interactions of side chains( cab only bond to hydrophobic)

Quaternary structure

composed of multiple polypeptide chains

bond determined by interactions of side changes 

steapness and diffusion

As steepness increases, so does diffusion

what acts as a receptor on the membrane

proteins

where are amino acids found

phospholipid tails which are hydrophobic

more negative

more solute less water

carbohydraate function

identification and reconition

glycoprotin vs glycolipid

glycolipid- attach to lipid

glycoprotein attach to protein

hypo potential

high water potential low solute potenteial

hyper potential

high solute potential low water potential

rule in facilitated diffusion

bigger difference=bigger steapness=bigger rate