Mendel's Genetics HW

All EXCEPT which of the following factors were crucial to the success of Gregor  Mendel's experiments

He always allowed all pea plants to self-fertilize, avoiding contamination from other individuals.

Name the single individual whose work in the mid-1800s contributed to our understanding of the particulate nature of inheritance as well as the basic genetic transmission patterns. With what organism did this person  work?

Gregor Mendel; Pisum sativum

Which of the following best describes the relationship at the molecular level between mutant alleles and  phenotype?

A mutant allele can have different effects depending on the gene product's function.

Which two genotypes in an individual would be expressed as the same phenotype in a diploid  organism?

homozygous dominant and heterozygous

The offspring of the P1 generation is known as the  _______ generation.

F1

A recessive allele in dogs causes white spots. If two solid colored dogs are mated and produce a spotted  offspring, what is the percentage chance their next puppy would be solid colored?

75%

The process that leads to development haploid gamete is best described as  ________.

segregation

If an F2 generation from a  self-cross always yields offspring in a  3:1 phenotypic ratio, which of the following P crosses could have  occurred?

AA x aa

You have identified a plant in your garden with a new flower color. You want to determine if this phenotype is dominant or recessive. Which cross would tell you this?

crossing the plant to one you know has the recessive trait

 The process that leads to development haploid gamete is best described as  ________.

segregation

Mendel indicated that traits were made up of unit factors. Today, we call unit factors  ________.

alleles

Assuming a typical monohybrid cross in which one allele is completely dominant to the  other, what ratio is expected if the F1s are  crossed?

3:1

In an individual that is heterozygous for a particular  trait, expression of the recessive allele is masked.

True

Which types of phenotypic ratios are likely to occur in crosses when dealing with two gene pairs for which all the genotypic combinations are of equal  viability?

9:3:3:1

 Which of the following describes the product  law?

The probability of two or more independent events occurring simultaneously is equal to the product of their individual probabilities.

 What is  segregation?

During gamete formation, allele pairs are separated to form haploid gametes.

 Assuming no crossing over between the gene in question and the  centromere, when do alleles segregate during  meiosis?

anaphase I

 Chi-square analysis can help us to decide whether  __________.

our observations of an event differ from our expectations

The  Chi-square test involves a statistical comparison between measured  (observed) and predicted  (expected) values. One generally determines degrees of freedom as  ________.

one less than the number of classes being compared

 In what ways is sample size related to statistical  testing?

By increasing sample size, one increases the reliability of the statistical test and decreases the likelihood of erroneous conclusions from chance fluctuations in the data

 In a  Chi-square analysis, what general condition causes one to reject (fail to  accept) the null  hypothesis?

usually when the probability value is less than 0.05

 If one is testing a goodness of fit to a  9:3:3:1 ratio, how many degrees of freedom would be associated with the  Chi-square analysis?

3

What information can be obtained from a human pedigree?

how a gene is inherited

In studies of human  genetics, usually a single individual brings the condition to the attention of a scientist or physician. When pedigree are developed to illustrate transmission of the  trait, what term does one use to refer to this  individual?

proband