Plants and photosynthesis

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31 Terms

1
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What is the word equation for photosynthesis

Water + carbon dioxide —sunlight—> glucose + oxygen

2
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What absorbs light energy in the leaf

Chlorophyll in the chloroplasts

3
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Which is the by product of photosynthesis- oxygen or glucose

Oxygen

4
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What are the uses of glucose in a plant

Transformed into cellulose, proteins and oils / stored as starch / Used in respiration to release energy

5
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What 3 factors affect photosynthesis

Temperature / Light intensity / Carbon dioxide

6
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When temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis…. ,because…

Increases to an optimum then decreases because photosynthesis is controlled by enzymes and their activity increases until they denature.

<p>Increases to an optimum then decreases because photosynthesis is controlled by enzymes and their activity increases until they denature.</p>
7
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When light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis… until…

Increases until lack of another factor e.g. Carbon Dioxide limits any further increase.

<p>Increases until lack of another factor e.g. Carbon Dioxide limits any further increase.</p>
8
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When Carbon Dioxide increases, the rate of photosynthesis… until…

Increases until lack of another factor e.g. light intensity limits any further increase.

<p>Increases until lack of another factor e.g. light intensity limits any further increase.</p>
9
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How is the rate of photosynthesis measured when investigating the affect of temperature?

Recording the volume of oxygen produced in different temperatures

10
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How is the rate of photosynthesis measured when investigating the effect light intensity?

By moving a plant closer to a light source and recording the O2 produced

11
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How is the rate of photosynthesis measured when investigating the effect of carbon dioxide?

Enclose the leaf in a transparent bag/jar with sodium hydroxide this chemical absorbs CO2.

12
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What are the stomata

Made of guard cells and can open and close to allow gas exchange in the day and prevent water loss at night

13
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How do we test a leaf for starch?

Leaves kept in the dark for 24 hrs are destarched. They can the be used to investigate photosynthesis in different conditions. If a plant has been photosynthesising its leaf will contain starch.

The test:

1. Boil the leaf to kill it

2. Decolorise using ethanol

3. Wash to soften

4. Test with iodine- a blue/black colour shows the presence of starch.

<p>Leaves kept in the dark for 24 hrs are destarched. They can the be used to investigate photosynthesis in different conditions. If a plant has been photosynthesising its leaf will contain starch.</p><p>The test:</p><p>1. Boil the leaf to kill it</p><p>2. Decolorise using ethanol</p><p>3. Wash to soften</p><p>4. Test with iodine- a blue/black colour shows the presence of starch.</p>
14
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A nitrate deficiency causes plants to have

Poor growth

15
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A potassium deficiency causes plants to have

Yellowing of leaves

16
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A phosphate deficiency causes plants to have

Poor root growth

17
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Water is used in…

Photosynthesis, transport of minerals and provides support by filling the cell vacuoles.

18
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Cell vacuoles keep cells… and prevents…

turgid and prevents cells becoming flaccid and wilting

19
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Water from the xylem evaporates into…/ Some water vapour is lost from the… in …

Air spaces / stomata in transpiration

20
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Water can also be used for…

Photosynthesis

21
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What is transpiration

The loss of water vapour by evaporation from the leaves of plants

22
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What 4 factors affect the rate of transpiration

Temperature / humidity / wind speed / light intensity

23
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What does the phloem do

Transport of sucrose in all directions - translocation

24
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What happens to sucrose when it leaves the phloem

It can be converted to starch or glucose

25
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How does sucrose get into the phloem

Neighbouring cells, companion cells, contain many mitochondria to actively transport it into the phloem

26
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Where does sucrose come from

Glucose produced in photosynthesis

27
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Xylem vessels are vessels are adapted to allow water to move easily from the… to…

Roots to the leaves

28
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Does the xylem carry water up or down the plant

Up the plant only

29
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What is transpirational pull

Water diffuses out of the leaves via the stomata then more water is pulled up to fill the space

30
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Minerals are actively transported into root hair cells which allows water to be drawn by…

Osmosis into the root cells then to the xylem

31
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The active transport needed to transport minerals into root hair cells means that the cells are actively ___ requiring lots of ___

Respiring / oxygen