Calcium Channel Blockers

calcium channel blockers

regulate smooth muscel contraction

Verapamil and Diltiazem

calcium channel blockers in blood vessels and in the heart

Verapamil and Diltiazem therapeutic effects

Treats essential HTN, angina, cardiac dysrhythmias

Verapamil and Diltiazem direct effects

Vasodilation

↓arterial pressure

↓HR

↓AV nodal conduction

↓force of contraction

↑coronary perfusion

Verapamil and Diltiazem indirect effects

Baroreceptor activated

Increased firing of sympathetic nerves

verapamil and diltiazem administration

PO for HTN and angina

IV for dysrhythmias

(grapefruit juice inhibits metabolism)

verapamil and diltiazem adverese effects

Constipation

Dizzy/lightheadedness/flushing/headache

Peripheral edema

Gingival hyperplasia

verapamil and diltiazem contradictions

contradicted if patient has a dysrhythmia; take caution in heart failure pts

verapamil and diltiazem drug interactions

interacts with digoxin and beta blockers

Nifediphne and Amlodiphine

Inhibit calcium ion influx causing vasodilating effects on coronary and peripheral arterioles

Nifediphne and Amlodiphine therapeutic uses

used for angina and HTN; does not slow AV node

Nifediphne and Amlodiphine adverse effectsFlushing

Dizziness

Reflex tachycardia with immediate release formulation

hydralazine

vasodilator causing selective dilation of arterioles and decreased peripheral resistance

hydralazine adverse effects

Lupus like syndrome

Reflex tachycardia

Fluid retention

Nitroprusside

Drug of choice for hypertensive crisis; relaxes vascular smooth muscle by releasing nitric oxide; dilate veins & arteries

Nitroprusside Administration

IV use only, must use a pump; protect from light