Angular Movements

Flexion

decreases angle at a joint

Extension

increases angle at a joint

Hyperextension

going beyond the normal angle of a joint

abduction

away from midline

adduction

toward midline

Circumduction

circular, conical movement of distal end of extremity

Internal rotation

movement of body part/limb around its long axis towards the midline

external rotation

movement of body part/limb that rotates outward away from the midline

opposition

take thumb and touch each of the digits

reposition

act of restoring or placing body part or structure back to its correct/original place

depression

movement of body part downward (inferiorly)

Elevation

movement of body part upward (superiorly)

protraction

movement of body part forward or anteriorly

Retraction

movement of body part backward or posteriorly

Inversion

movement of the sole of foot turns inward, towards the midline (medially)

Eversion

movement of the sole of foot turns outward, away from the midline (laterally)

Dorsiflexion

movement of foot upward towards the knee (shin muscle)

Plantarflexion

movement of foot downwards towards the sole of foot (tippy toes and muscles of calf)

Supination

movement of palm of hand or foot facing upward

Pronation

inward rotation of bodypart facing backwards