APES UNIT 5

The tragedy of the commons can be prevented by

the use of harvest permits

Which is an example of an externality?

the use of the atmosphere for air pollution

Which is used to reduce the impact of timber harvesting?

selective cutting

Which of the following is a consequence of clear-cutting?

soil erosion

Logging with horses is currently utilized with the goal of

reducing the use of fossil fuels

Overgrazing can occur in common areas. Place the diagram below in the correct order

A, C, B

If 12,000,000 kilocalories of chicken can be produced per hectare per year, how much land is needed to provide a person with 2,000 kilocalories of chicken/day for a year?

0.06 ha

The Green Revolution

encouraged the use of monocropping

Which of the following is a typical change in genetically modified organisms?

increased resistance to extreme weather

The energy subsidy in modern agriculture

identifies the additional energy beyond the sun added to food

Which statement correctly identifies the claim from the passage about farmers increasing output?

Updated mechanization can increase farm output

Which piece of evidence supports the claim?

The farms’ output went up after purchasing GMO seeds

Plowing and tilling allow nutrients from which horizon to rise to the surface?

A horizon

Which process is known to reverse succession?

slash-and-burn agriculture

Which is an environmental impact caused by synthetic, inorganic nitrogen fertilizer?

Production relies on fossil fuel energy

Slash-and-burn agriculture leads to nutrient loss due to

leaching from rainfall in tropical areas

Slash-and-burn agriculture contributes to carbon dioxide concentrations

a net increase

In the United States, most water is used for

agriculture

Which irrigation method is the most efficient?

drip irrigation

When deep wells are heavily pumped, one result can be

a cone of depression

Groundwater recharge

is the result of precipitation

What happens with repeated pesticide use over generations of pests?

Pests evolve resistance, reducing effectiveness

Which diagram area represents water that entered soil via percolation?

B

Overuse of a well can reduce area C, the

water table

A manure lagoon for 700 cows producing 40 L/day each for 30 days must hold

840,000 L

Which best describes bycatch?

common in large-scale fishing

CAFOs are best described as

facilities where many animals are confined and fed

An environmental effect of bycatch is

decline in nontarget species

A human health problem linked to CAFOs is

antibiotic-resistant bacteria

If it takes 12 kg of grain to produce 1 kg of lamb, how much land is needed if corn alone requires 0.02 ha/person/year?

0.24 ha

Tailings are

the waste material from mining

Which type of mining is usually most directly harmful to miners?

subsurface mining

Mining of this material is most likely going to release methane

coal

Which mining process is most likely to produce acid mine drainage?

open-pit mining

According to the data, the resource that the United States has the most urgency to recycle and reuse is

aluminum

Which metal does the United States have the most of compared to global resources?

cobalt

The creation of walkable neighborhoods is

a principal of smart growth

When development along the coastline leads to increased withdrawals from coastal aquifers, which of the following is most likely to occur?

saltwater intrusion

Which of the following typically contributes to reducing urban runoff?

installing rooftop rain collection systems

During heavy rain events, urban runoff usually

goes directly into a nearby body of water without treatment

The image below displays the phenomenon known as

urban sprawl

A person’s ecological footprint is

the land needed to support all of a person’s activities

The carbon footprint

measures other greenhouse gases including methane

Which country has the largest ecological footprint?

the United States

The carbon footprint of a country

includes carbon dioxide emitted both directly and indirectly

The fair Earthshare is

the area of biologically productive land on Earth divided by the number of people on Earth

Which of the following is likely to have the greatest impact on an ecological footprint?

use of land to raise pigs for slaughter

Which of the following is considered a global scale environmental indicator?

atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

How many hectares of land is a 500-acre park? (1 acre = 0.40 ha)

200 ha

Refer to Figure 32.8. Relative to population size, how does meat consumption in developed and developing countries compare?

Developed countries consume more meat

In 2020, 860,000 ha of the Amazon rainforest were cleared. Approximately how many hectares is that each hour?

98 ha

The maximum sustainable yield of a population occurs at

B

Fishers trying to make sure that a population of fish remains viable would most likely want the population to remain

between B and C

Which agricultural method is most similar to intercropping?

agroforestry

Which agricultural method is used to prevent erosion?

contour plowing

Which is a key principle of organic farming?

avoiding synthetic fertilizers

Which is a common practice of integrated pest management?

use of pest-resistant crops

Farmers who practice organic agriculture have less of an impact on the environment than farmers who practice industrial agriculture because they

avoid pesticides and synthetic fertilizers

Aquaculture is projected to be responsible for all of the increase in global fish production over the next 25 years. However, future production from aquaculture could become problematic because

concentrated waste from aquaculture facilities contaminates rivers and oceans

Which of the following can be concluded from the information in the graph below? (graph from prior message)

Aquaculture had allowed production to continue increasing

For many years, forest fires were suppressed to protect lives and property. This policy has led to

a buildup of dead biomass that can fuel larger fires

Which of the following is a likely outcome of a prescribed forest burn?

Habitat increases for early successional species

Why are antibiotics added to aquaculture fish food?

to prevent infection from spreading among the fish

Recirculating aboveground tanks are beneficial because

there is only a relatively small chance that fish can escape to wild populations

Which has contributed to urban sprawl over the past 50 years?

increased construction of highways

Which of the following would be an example of tragedy of the commons?

farmers who siphon water from a county aqueduct for irrigation

Suppose it takes 12 kg of grain to produce 1 kg of lamb and that a person eating only corn can obtain sufficient calories in a year from 0.02 ha of land. How much land would be required to support a person who only eats lamb?

0.24 ha

If 300 million pounds of nitrogen entered the bay and 42% came from agriculture, how much nitrogen came from agricultural activities?

126 million pounds

Nitrogen and phosphorus are found in the waters of the Chesapeake Bay. What other substance might you expect to be found in higher quantities with increased use of CAFOs?

N₂O

Manure from feedlots (CAFOs) represents a large chunk of nitrogen/phosphorus. What is a viable method to reduce manure from CAFOs?

incorporate free-range grazing

No-till agriculture and contour plowing typically result in a decrease in

loss of topsoil

Which parameter likely contributes more to the ecological footprint of free-range cattle compared to CAFO cattle?

amount of land needed

Order IPM steps

C, B, A, D

Which strategy likely increased productivity of farmland worldwide?

mechanization of farming

Method to determine percent change in total water use:
Totals: 99 → 89

((89 − 99) / 99) × 100

Which method could be used by farmers to protect soils for water filtration?

use of contour farming

Which output would contribute to an increase in invasive species?

escaped fish

Which forestry method would lead to hypoxic/anoxic conditions in a river running through the center?

A

Which is a common benefit attributed to Integrated Pest Management?

human health improvements

Best explanation for rural population decline in Canada

An increase in industrial and urban jobs led to a decrease in people living in rural areas

Best description of the small decrease from 1971 to 2011

Factors causing the previous trend continued but became more gradual

If Canada's population was 24.8 million in 1981 and 24.5% lived rural, percent living urban = 75.5% ≈ 18.6 million

18.6 million