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What are the two types of rock classifications used by geologists?
Descriptive and Genetic classifications.
What are the three classes of rocks identified by geologists?
Sedimentary, Igneous, and Metamorphic rocks.
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
By deposition and precipitation of products from the breakdown of older rocks.
What is the primary process of physical weathering?
Disintegration of rocks into smaller fragments.
What transforms loose sediment into consolidated sedimentary rocks?
Lithification.
What are igneous rocks primarily composed of?
Silicate minerals.
What is the difference between volcanic and plutonic rocks?
Volcanic rocks solidify at the Earth's surface; plutonic rocks solidify beneath it.
At what temperatures does metamorphism typically occur?
At temperatures exceeding 200 °C.
What is the term for the change in minerals and rearrangement in a rock during metamorphism?
Metamorphism.
What are regional metamorphic rocks?
Rocks affected by metamorphism at convergent plate boundaries.
What is contact metamorphism?
Metamorphism occurring due to the intrusion of magma into adjacent rocks.
How do hydrothermal metamorphic rocks form?
From the reaction of fluids with elevated temperatures with the rock.
Who developed the Neptunist View of rock formation?
Abraham Werner.
What did the Vulcanist View advocate?
That rocks formed from heat and the solidification of magma.
Which principle did James Hutton develop?
The Principle of Uniformitarianism.
How do igneous rocks form?
By the crystallization of magma.
What is the relationship between the three classes of rock in the rock cycle?
Each class can be transformed into another class through various geological processes.
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