chemistry midterm

What branch of science holds the organizing principles for all of nature?

Chemistry

What is inorganic chemistry?

The study of matter not containing carbon

What is organic chemistry?

The study of matter containing carbon

What is biochemistry?

The study of chemical processes that take place in organisms

What is physical chemistry?

The area of chemistry that deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change

What is analytical chemistry?

The area of study that focuses on the composition of matter

What is applied chemistry?

Chemical research directed at a goal or discovery that will benefit the human race

What is pure chemistry?

The pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake

What is matter?

Anything that takes up space

What does matter make up?

The universe

What is chemistry?

The study of the composition and changes of matter

What is mass?

The measure of the amount of matter an object contains

What is mass measured with?

Grams

What is volume?

The amount of space an object takes up

What is volume measured with?

Liters

What is an extensive property?

A property which depends on the amount of matter in a sample

What are examples of extensive properties?

Mass and volume

What is an intensive property?

A property that does not depend on the amount of matter in a sample

What are examples of intensive properties?

Malleability, ductility, conductivity

What is a substance?

Matter with a uniform and definite composition

What are examples of a substance?

NaCl, He

What is a physical property?

A property that does not depend on the amount of matter in a sample; same as intensive property

What are the three (four) states of matter?

Solid, liquid, gas (and plasma)

What is a vapor?

A gaseous state of a substance that is normally solid or liquid

What is a physical change?

A change in which some properties of matter change, but the composition remains the same

What are the two types of physical changes?

Reversible and irreversible

What is a reversible change?

A change in state; can be changed back

What is a irreversible change?

Crushing, splitting, or something else to a substance that cannot be undone

What is a mixture?

A physical blend of two or more components

What is a phase?

Any part of a mixture with uniform composition and properties

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

Two or more phases, not uniform throughout (Salad)

What is a homogenous mixture?

A mixture that has one phase and is uniform throughout (air)

Differences in \_____ \______ can be used to separate mixtures

Physical properties

Which method of separation separates a solid from a liquid?

Filtration

Which method of separation separates two liquids by taking advantage of different boiling points?

Distillation

What is an element?

The simplest unit of matter that has a unique set of properties

What contains two or more elements combined in a fixed proportion?

Compound

A \_____ change produces matter of different composition from the original matter.

Chemical

What is a reactant?

The substance that goes through a change in a chemical reaction

What is a product?

The substance formed in chemical reactions

What is the reactant in (Sugar --\> Carbon+Water)

Sugar

What is the product in (Sugar --\> Carbon+Water)

Carbon+Water

Each element has a one or two letter \_____ \_____

Chemical symbol

What is the method which modern scientists use to organize the elements?

The periodic table

What is a horizontal row the the periodic table?

Period

What is a vertical column on the periodic table?

Group

What is the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change?

Chemical property

What happens during a chemical reaction?

One or more substances change into one or more new substances

What are the four clues that indicate a chemical change?

Transfer of energy, change in color, production of gas, and formation of a percipitate

What does the law of conversion of mass state?

In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed, just rearranged

The mass of the reactants is always \_____ to that of the products

Equal

What kind of quantity includes both a number and a unit?

A measurement

In scientific notation, the coefficient must be between \___ and \___

1, 10

A way of doing metric conversions, which involves the canceling of units, is \_____ \______

Dimensional analysis

What is accuracy?

The proximity of your measurements to the actual value

What is precision?

The proximity of your measurements to one another

Which of the following is impossible?

a) Good accuracy, good precision

b) Poor accuracy, poor precision

c) Poor accuracy, good precision

d) Good accuracy, poor precision

D) Good accuracy, poor precision

What is accepted value?

A value that is widely agreed upon in the scientific community

What is experimental value?

The value that you recorded in your own measurements

All of the digits that can be known precisely in a number make up its \_____ \_____

Significant digits

In multiplication/division you round to the number with the least \_____ \_____

Significant digits

In addition/subtraction you round to the number with the least amount of \_____ \_____

Decimal places

10⁻¹²

Pico- (pm)

10⁻⁹

Nano- (nm)

10⁻⁶

Micro- (µm)

10⁻³

Milli- (mm)

10⁻²

Centi- (cm)

10⁻¹

Deci- (dm)

10⁰

Unit (m)

10¹

Deka- (dKm)

10²

Hecto- (hm)

10³

Kilo- (km)

10⁶

Mega- (Mm)

10⁹

Giga- (Gm)

10¹²

Tera- (Tm)

What is the SI unit for mass?

Grams

What is the SI unit for length?

Meters

What is the SI unit for volume?

Liters

1 Liter is equivalent to \______

1 m³

What is weight?

The measure of the pull of gravity on a given mass

What is temperature?

The measure of kinetic energy

The Celsius scale is (higher/lower) than the Kelvin scale

273° lower

0 K is known as \_____ \______

Absolute zero

What is 273 K?

Water's freezing point (32° F, 0°C)

What is 373 K?

Water's boiling point (212°F, 100°C)

Mass/Volume\=

Density

When liquids of different densities mix, what happens?

The least dense rise, while the most dense sink

What is absolute zero?

The point where nothing moves, not even electrons

Has absolute zero ever been achieved?

No

What is the SI measure of energy?

Joule

What is the SI unit of temperature?

Kelvins

True or false: you put a degree symbol (°) by a Kelvin measurement

False

What is SI an abbreviation for?

International System of Units

What is an atom?

The smallest unit of an element that maintains its identity in a chemical reaction

Who was the first person to suggest the existence of an atom?

Democritus

How was Democritus wrong about the atom?

He said it was indivisible; but there are actually subatomic particles