typical gross motor development

reciprocal influence

changes in one area of development influences changes in another area

reflex control before cortical control principal

early movements are reflex driven
reflexive movements in response to stimulus
initially obligatory

through __ movements become volitional and is controlled cortically

practice and experience

rooting reflex

tactile stimulus to cheek and child will turn the head to suck

total response before localized response principle

early movements are random and not goal oriented and over time they will become more precise

__ control needed before __ control

proximal , distal

what is needed before being able to sit / stand

balance between flexors and extensors

gross motor control before fine motor control principle

related to proximal before distal

need proximal stability to allow for distal

fine motor is primarily distal

progression of cephalic control before caudal control principle

head control

shoulder control

trunk control

hip control

extensor tone develops in response to

gravity

physiological flexion

normal hip, knee, elbow flexion contractures

muscle tone in neonate development tends to be __ to __

caudal , cephalic

neonate prone position

head rotated to side

shoulders ADD

elbows flexed

scapula downward rotated and ADD

LE flexed

neonate supine position

head slightly rotated - cannot find midline

LE fall into ABD and ER

neonate baby can see best when object is __ away

8-9 inches away

pull to sit in neonate demonstrates

head lag and no UE help

2 months old is what milestone

age of asymmetry

asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)

head turns to one side and arm on side looking will reach out and the other arm will come to the side of the head

seen in 2 month olds

4 months is what milestone and baby can do what

age of symmetry

find midline

baby able to hold onto something

proper prone prop

5 month old

elbow extension in prone

7-9 months

full complement of antigravity flexion

6 month milestone

hands free sitting

8 month milestone

hands and knees crawling

10 month milestone

hands free standing

12 month milestone

stringing together steps

16 month milestone

walking as primary means of mobility

what does prone prop as an intervention target

• shoulder stability

• elongating hip flexors

• cervical strength