ib chemistry hl pearson structures part 2

In ionic bonding When metal atoms lose an electron what do they form?

A positive ion called a cation

In ionic bonding When non metal atoms gain electrons what do they form

A Negative ion called an anion

What’s an ion?

An electrically charged species that is formed after an atom gains or loses an electron and becomes isoelectronic)stable outer shell)

What’s ionisation energy?

a measure of how strongly an atom holds onto its electrons

What’s electron affinity?

A measure of how readily an atom will accept an additional electron

Whats nuclear charge?

The total positive charge of an atom- number of protons

What is shielding?

When electrons from inner shells repel outer shell electrons and in turn partially cancel out the attracting force of the nucleus

Why do outer electrons of metal atoms experience a smaller effective nuclear charge than non metal atoms?

Because metal atoms have less valence electrons and are typically better shielded and usually a larger atomic radius compared to non metal atoms so have more affinity to being lost to the attraction of another atoms nuclear charge