Chemistry References Exam 1

Specificity

(%) = (TN)/ (TN + FP)

Positive Predictive Values

(TP)/(TP+FP) 

Negative Predictive Values

(TN)/(TN + FN) 

Efficiency

TP + TN/(TP + TN + FP + FN) 

Sensitivity

(%) = TP/ (TP + FN) 

Coefficient of Variation

% = 100s/mean

Human Spectrum of Light

380-750 nm

Southern Blot

Separation by electrophoresis + DNA detection 

Northern blot

Separation by electrophoresis + RNA detection 

Western blot

Separation by electrophoresis + transfer to membrane + specific Ab to protein needed to detect 

pH

7.35-7.45

pCO2

35-44 mmHg

HCO3

23-29 mmol/L

Henderson-Hasselbach

pH= pK + log (HCO3)/(H2CO3)

pK

6.1

H2CO3

pCO2 X 0.031

HCO3:pCO2

20:1

Respiratory Acidosis

low pH, high pCO2,

Compensated Respiratory Acidosis

normal pH, high pCO2, high HCO3

Respiratory Alkalosis

high pH, low pCO2

Compensated Respiratory Alkalosis

normal pH, low pCO2, low HCO3

Metabolic Acidosis

low pH, low HCO3

Compensated Metabolic Acidosis

normal pH, low. HCO3, low pCO2

Metabolic Alkalosis

high pH, high HCO3

Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis

normal pH, high HCO3, high pCO2

Serum Sample

red top

Plasma sample

Lithium heparin tube, green top

Sodium fluoride, for glucose

grey top, not for BUN

EDTA

lavender top, bad for electrolytes

Water total body %

40-70%

Water in ICF

2/3

Water in ECF

1/3

Osmolality Formula

2Na + (glucose/20) + (BUN/3)

Osmolality Serum Range

275-295 mOsmol/kg

Osmolality Urine Range

300-1200

Osmolal Gap

~0

Sodium

major cation in ECF

Na serum, plasma range

135-145 mmol/L

Na urine range

120-240 mmol/d

Na CSF range

136-150 mmol/L

Hyponatremia

<135

Hypernatremia

>145

Potassium

major cation in ICF

K serum range

3.5-5.1

K urine range

33-86

Chloride

major ECF anion

Cl serum range

98-107

Cl urine range

110-250

Bicarbonate

second most abundant anion in ECF

HCO3 venous range

22-28

Lactate

byproduct of anaerobic ATP prodcution

Lactate venous range

0.3-2

Lactate arterial range

0.3-1.6

Calcium

Cation found mostly in bone

Calcium Child range- Total Calcium

2.13-2.63

Calcium Adult Range, Total Calcium

2.24-2.53

Calcium Adult Range, Ionized Serum

1.15-1.33

Calcium Adult Range, Ionized Whole Blood

1.15-1.27

Magnesium

#4 cation in the body, #2 cation in ICF

Magnesium Range

0.66-1.07

Phosphate

predominant ICF anion

Phosphate Range Neonate

1.45-2.91

Phosphate Range Child

1.29-2.26

Phosphate Range Adult

0.81-1.45

Phosphate Range Urine

13-42

Anion Gap; References

Na - (Cl + HCO3); 10-18

Anion Gap w/K: References

(Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3); 10-20

Low AG

decrease serum proteins; lab error

High AG

increased lactacte, phosphate, ketones; metabolic acidosis