roman culture pt 1

Founding of Rome

753 B.C.

Collapse of the Western Roman Empire

476 A.D.

The Roman Empire consisted of the all the lands surrounding what sea?

Mediterranean Sea

What did the Romans call the Mediterranean Sea

Mare Nostrum

What does Mare Notrum mean?

Our Sea

What is the continent south of the Mediterranean?

Africa

What mountain range is the backbone of Italy?

Apennine Mountain Range

Rome is located on what river?

Tiber River

What port city is located at the mouth of the Tiber River?

Ostia

Rome is situated in the middle of what three important plains on the west coast of Italy?

Etruria, Latium, and Campania

What is the port city on the eastern coast of Italy?

Brundisium

Rome is called what?

The city of seven hills

What was the most important hill in Rome?

Capitoline Hill

What were located on Capitoline Hill?

temples to the Roman gods

What was the center of government and business activity?

Forum

What was the Senate House?

Curia

What were the two famous roads in Rome?

Via Sacra and Via Appia

What does Via Sacra mean?

Sacred Way

What does Via Appia mean?

Appian Way

What was a race track for chariot racing?

Circus Maximus

What was the round building used for such events as gladiator contests?

Colosseum

What were the public baths?

Thermae

What carried water into Gaul?

Aqueducts

What was the resort city south of Rome in the plain of Campania?

Pompeii

When was Pompeii destroyed?

70 A.D.

What volcano destroyed Pompeii?

Mt. Vesuvius

What is the large island directly south of Italy?

Sicily

Who were the twin sons of Mars and Rhea Silvia?

Romulus and Remus

Romulus and Remus were set in a basket on what river?

Tiber River

Romulus and Remus were saved by what?

A She-Wolf

Which brother killed the other to become the first of the seven kings of Rome?

Romulus killed Remus

What period of Rome did the seven kings reign?

The Monarchy

Who was the seventh and last king?

Tarquinius Superbus

What year was Tarquinius Superbus overthrown?

510 B.C.

After the Monarchy what period came next?

The Republic

Who ruled during the Republic?

A Senate and two Consuls

How many terms did the Senate and two Consuls serve?

A term of one year

What war was fought with the Carthaginians?

Punic Wars

Who was the great Carthaginian general during the Punic Wars?

Hannibal

Who was the most famous general of the Roman Republic?

Julius Caesar

When was Julius Caesar assassinated?

44 B.C.

The Assassination of Julius Caesar led to what?

Civil War

The civil war was won by whom?

Octavian, Julius Caesar's nephew

Who was Octavian later known as?

Augustus

Augustus became the first what of Rome during the Roman Empire?

Emperor

During what period were Rome's most famous monuments built like the Colosseum?

The Roman Empire

What was the basic garment that was a simple shirt made of two pieces of cloth sewn together?

Tunica or tunic

What male piece of clothing, that was a semicircle of fine woolen fabric worn draped around the torso and over the shoulder, worn by the Patricians?

Toga

What kind of boot did men wear?

Caliga

What was a straight ankle-length dress fastened at the shoulders with clasps?

stola

What draped cloak was worn as an outer garment?

palla

What decorative pin, used to fasten cloaks and draped clothing was only worn by the upper-class women?

fibula

The dressing room at the Roman public baths

apodyterium

An instrument used to scrape off oil at the public baths

strigilis

The warmth room at the public baths

tepidarium

The hot bath at the public baths

caldarium

The cold room and pool at the public baths

frigidarium

A stem room, like a modern sauna, at the public baths

laconicum

Heat for the sauna was supplied by a what, that was a raised floor that circulated heat from a furnace

hypocaustum

Smaller baths in Rome, sometimes wealthy people had their own

balnae

First meal of the day, taken just after rising

jentaculum

A lunch or late breakfast

prandium

The main meal of the day, usually begun in late afternoon

cena

A late dinner

vesperna

The circus Maximus had seating for over how many?

250,000

How many chariots could fit side by side?

12

What was the center median of he Circus Maximus called?

spina

What were the turning posts at each end of the spina called?

metae

What were the starting gates of the Circus Maximus called?

Carcares

What was a chariot driver called?

Auriga

What were used as law courts and public meeting places?

Basilicae

What was Rome's sewage system called?

Cloaca Maxima

Who built the original sewage system?

Tarquinius Priscus

What were the shops and fast food stands called?

Tabernae

What was the large open area in the bend of the Tiber north of the Severan Wall that was used for military drilling and training?

Campus Martius

What was the name of the domed temple to the gods?

Pantheon

What was the Via Appia known as?

Regina Viarum

What does Regina Viarum mean?

Queen of ways

What did the Regina Viarum connect Rome with?

Brundisium

What city did Regina Viarum run through?

Capua

What road connected Rome with norther city of Ariminium (Remini)?

Via Flaminia

What road connected Rome with the city of Pisa?

Via Aurelia

What road was the main street of ancient Rome, running from the Capitol through the Forum to the Colosseum?

Via Sacra

The Latins were a small nation of people who lived in what hills south of the Tiber River?

Alban Hills

Who was the great Patrician and soldier of Troy who founded Rome?

Aeneas

Who were Aeneas' parents?

Anchises, prince of a city near Troy, and Venus

The story of Aeneas is written by which Roman poet?

Virgil

What twelve officials accompanied the king during the Roman Monarchy?

lictors

Each of the lictors carried the symbol of his office known as the what?

fasces

Who was the historical king after Romulus?

Numa Pomilius

What king came after Numa Pomilius?

Tullius Hostilius

What king improved the lives of the poor?

Servius Tullius

What king built the Circus Maximus?

Lucius Tarqiunius Priscus

Tarquinius Superbus was expelled in what year?

509 B.C.

Who were the first consuls?

Junius Brutus and Lucius Collatinus

What type of government did Lucius Brutus, Rome's first consul, establish in 509 B.C.?

Republic

Who prevented Lars Porsena and the Etruscans from crossing the bridge over the Tiber River in Rome's early days?

Horatius

Who attempted to drive his father’s sun chariot across the sky but was unable to control the horses?

Phaethon

Which one of the following was a famous Roman patriot who "left his plow" to save Rome?

Cincinnatus

A wolf, a shepherd, a river, and a priestess are all featured in a story

about Romulus and Remus