HDE 137 - Ch 10 - Health Inequalities, Environmental Racism, & Justice
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28 Terms
experimental, slaves
The History of Health Disparities in the US
Treatments that would primarily benefit Whites who could afford a doctor were first tried in an blank fashion on blank who had no option to refuse treatment
slavery, live, dead
The History of Health Disparities in the US
Involuntary Experimentation on African Americans
Practice of using involuntary Black experimental subjects continued after blank and involved what kind of bodies (2)?
20th century
The History of Health Disparities in the US
Involuntary Experimentation on African Americans
Until what century did involuntary experimentation continue into? Name an example
nuremberg code
The History of Health Disparities in the US
Involuntary Experimentation on African Americans
Policy adopted by the US Department of Defense in 1953 under which research subjects have to be informed that participation is voluntary and be provided with info about the nature, duration, & purpose of research
1840 US census
The History of Health Disparities in the US
Free Black People as Mentally & Physically Unfit
What document was used to argue that free Black people were incapable of self-government? This indicated that they suffered worse mental health than either White ppl or enslaved black ppl
scientific, physically weak
The History of Health Disparities in the US
Free Black People as Mentally & Physically Unfit
“Blank” studies were also used during postslavery era to argue that Black ppl were what, leading to compulsory surgical sterilization?
sterilization racism, NA’s, Latinas, Black
The History of Health Disparities in the US
Free Black People as Mentally & Physically Unfit
Racist health care policies and practices that attempt to control the reproductive capacities of women of color
Which ethnicities (3) were more likely to be sterilized than White women, who were seen as “breeders” and “unfit mothers?”
true
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
True or false? African Americans at every age are more likely than any other racial group to die
diabetes, homicide, AIDS, 17%, 4
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
Compared to White people, African Americans are…
2x likely to die of blank
8x blank
9x blank
Have a blank percent higher age-adjusted death rate for all causes
Expect to live blank years less
socioeconomic status
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
Health disparities are clearly linked to this, where ppl with a higher amount live longer and healthier lives
do not
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
Socioeconomic Status & Health Disparities by Race/Ethnicity
Black/White disparities (do/do not) disappear as African Americans gain more ed & income (increase in SES)
racial residential segregation
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
What is the primary cause of Black/White disparities
Affects ed opportunities, concentrates poverty & resources, & forces many African Americans to live in environments that are unhealthy
Affects access to healthy food
resources, supermarkets, safe spaces
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
Segregation & Health
Black, Latinx, and low SES have higher obesity rates than the general population due to…
Blank available in their neighborhoods
Living farther away from blank
Lack of blank to exercise
2x
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
Segregation & Health
NA’s, African Americans, & Hispanics are blank times as likely as Whites to die from diabetes
racial discrimination, inhibit immune responses, increase disease vulnerability
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
The Effects of Individual Racism on African American Health
African Americans are disproportionately exposed to blank, which leads to stress, which leads to negative health outcomes - why?
Stress responses cause adrenal glands to produce hormones that do what two things?
mental illness, self-esteem
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
The Effects of Individual Racism on African American Health
African Americans have lower levels of blank and higher levels of blank. Why? Explain
food choices, body image
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
The Effects of Individual Racism on African American Health
When asked about their weight-related beliefs, Black women talked more about blank while White women talked more about blank
life course perspective
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
A framework used to explain how health outcomes change over the life course
cumulative disadvantage perspective
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
Life Course Perspectives
A life-course explanation that focuses on how disadvantages accumulate over the life course
weathering hypothesis
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
Life Course Perspectives
A life-course explanation that focuses on how constant exposure to stress accelerates health decline for Black people
foreign born, native born
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
Culture & Health
Overall, (native born/foreign born) Blacks, Cubans, Mexicans, & Chinese have lower risks for infant morality & LBW than their (native born/foreign born) counterparts
Hispanic paradox
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
Culture & Health
The observation that even though Latinx have, on average, lower SES status than Whites, they have comparable health outcomes to Whites
acculturation
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
Culture & Health
A process by which immigrants adopt the behaviors and preferences of the host society
behaviors, usage, access
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
Culture & Health
Acculturation has negative effects in terms of health blank, but positive effects in terms of health blank (2)
stay in the US
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
Culture & Health
Across groups, immigrants tend to have worse health outcomes the longer they do what?
Black, Latinx
Explaining Health Disparities by Race & Ethnicity Today
Genetics, Race, & Health
These two groups of children are more likely to…
Suffer from asthma
Live in segregated, inner-city areas w/ poor living conditions (exposure to indoor contaminants, air pollution, hazardous waste)
environmental racism
Institutional policies & practices that differentially affect the health outcomes or living conditions of people and communities based on race or color
E.g. Less access to fresh produce, parks, jogging trails, & healthy food
E.g. Living close to places that can damage health such as toxic waste dumps & polluted freeways
Poor ppl and POC’s more likely to be affected by this
environmental justice
Efforts to ensure the right to live in nontoxic neighborhoods, regardless of race
African Americans more likely to live in toxic neighborhoods than Whites, partly because of the history & exclusion they have faced since slavery