last minute biochem studying

adenine nucleotide translocase

imports ADP in exchange for ATP

phosphate translocase

imports phosphate together with H+ and driven by PMF

malate -aspartate shuttle

indirectly transports electrons from NADH through malate - by reducing OAA to malate using NADH ox

glycerol 3P

cystolic NADH donates e to Q using glycerol3P dehydrogenase

what does number of c subunits mean in ATP synthase

determines how many H+ are needed to power one rotation of ATP synthase

P/O ratio

how many molecules of ATP are produced per e pair transfer

how does oxygen evolving center work

donates 1 electron to regenerate special pair and after it accumulates 4+ charge, its able to split water

reduction potential

measure of a molecule’s tendency to gain electrons

• higher reduction potential means its more able to gain electrons - bad donor

• lower reduction potential means its more able to release electrons - better donor

how reduction potential relates to ETC

absorption of photon/exciton greatly reduced the reducing potential of the special pair making it an excellent electron donor

Pi - triose phosphate antiporter

TP are exported into cytosol in exchange for Pi which enters stroma

Pi - triose phosphate antiporter (ATP and NADPH)

indirect - exchanges TP out of the chloroplast with Pi into the chloroplast, TP used to make cystolic NADH and ATP

can mammals synthesize non essential or essential amino acids

non essential

nad+