Crime Scene Investigation Final

Locard Principle

An exchange (transfer) of physical evidence may occur when there is contact between two individuals.

Physical objects

Physical evidence can be defined as ____ associated with a crime or tort.

Crime Scene Reconstruction

One of the major purposes for the collection of physical evidence

Crime

Physical evidence may help determine whether or not a ____ occurred.

Legal, Scientific

In order for physical evidence to be effective and admissible, the collection of the evidence must meet both ____ and ____ requirements.

Source

The term “Known” refers to the known ____ of an item.

False

The most important function of a crime scene investigation is to provide investigative leads to detectives.

True

A comparison standard is a sample with a known source which is compared to a questioned item.

Remove, Detain

The first responder should ____ and ____ witnesses and suspects from the scene.

Overview

The crime scene investigator should contact the first responder at the scene to obtain an ____ of the scene.

Strip, Grid, Zone (Spiral)

Three systematic search methods are the ____, ____, and ____ methods.

False

The physical evidence should be collected so as to confirm the investigator’s hypothesis about the sequence of events at the crime scene.

False

The perimeter established for a crime scene should be kept to a minimum size in order to maximize the efficiency of the investigation.

True

Photography does not replace notes and sketches, but is rather a complement for these functions.

Too many, Too few

It is a good policy to take ____ photographs rather than ____, as the investigator cannot go back to the scene at a later date to photograph the scene in its original condition.

Color

____ images are the choice for most crime scene photography.

SLR

The best choice for crime scene photography is the ____ camera.

True

Photographs should be taken in a sequence which “paints a picture” of the scene.

False

Overview photos are not necessary if the scene is completely covered with close-up photographs.

Layout (overview)

The first sketch(es) should be ____ sketch(es) to show the overall scene.

Mistake

If the measurement tape sags, there will be a(n) ____ in the measurement.

True

The accurate location of evidence items on the sketches is essential to the ability to reconstruct a crime scene.

Two

How many individuals should verify the measurements?

Add onto

Sketches do not replace notes and photographs, but ____ these modes of crime scene documentation.

Illustrate

The crime scene sketch can be used to ____ the testimony of witnesses.

False

At the present time, the age of a latent print can be established accurately.

True

Inked prints are a permanent record which can establish the source of a latent fingerprint.

True

Latent prints must be developed in order to be visualized.

True

A finger impression in clay is an example of a patent print.

False

The age of a latent fingerprint impression can be established with the use of certain chemicals.

True

Contaminants on the fingers may be found in latent fingerprints.

Lightly

When developing latents with fingerprint powder, the brush should be dipped ____ in the powder and swirled.

Roll the tape onto the print to avoid bubbles

When lifting powder-developed prints with tape, you should ____.

Photograph

As a crime scene investigator, you should ____ the powder-developed print prior to attempting to lift it with tape.

Smooth non-porous surfaces

The most common location for crime scene investigators to locate latent fingerprints are ____.

Small diagram of location from which the print was lifted

After lifting a latent print with tape and placing it on a fingerprint card, what important item should be noted on the card?

Double Whorl

Which of the following is NOT a major pattern of fingerprint ridges?

Patent

____ prints are those fingerprints that are visible to the naked eye without first processing with powder or other means.

Color

The most significant feature of hair, both to the investigator and the laboratory analyst, is the hair ____.

\
Brown color

Melanin, the primary content of the pigment granules, gives the hair its ____.

Pulled

The preferred scalp hair standard consists of ____ hairs.

50

A pubic hair standard should consist of approximately ____ hairs.

Contact

Fiber evidence occurs especially in those crimes where there is ____ between victim and suspect.

Accelerates

The term accelerant refers to a material which ____ a fire.

True

Mitochondrial DNA are found in the hair shaft.

True

The cuticle is the innermost layer of the hair shaft.

False

The preferred method for collection of hair standards is to cut the hair an inch or more from the scalp or pubis.

True

Tape lifting is an accepted method for recovering hair evidence from large surfaces.

Heat, Oxygen, Fuel

The process of combustion requires ____, ____, and ____.

Jigsaw

When glass is broken, the edges may be matched ____ style to show they were once part of the same object.

Differing

A fiber standard collected from a carpet should include samples from each ____ area of the carpet.

Genetic markers

The various blood “types” in blood are referred to as ____.

Luminol/Bluestar

Bloodstains which are “invisible” can often be visualized by spraying with ____.

True

Bloodstains on small items should be collected by collecting the entire object.

Refrigerated

Liquid blood samples should be ____.

Dried

Semen stains must be ____ prior to packaging in order to prevent bacterial growth.

Transfer

Clothing worn by a sexual assault victim after the assault may have ____ evidence from the suspect.

True

“CODIS” is the acronym given to the computer database for storing DNA data.

False

Cross-contamination is rarely a problem with DNA testing, since the test sorts out all the sources of the DNA.

True

Blood samples from post-mortem subjects should be drawn from the heart or major blood vessel.

False

If there is insufficient time to air dry bloodstains, the CSI can use a hair dryer set to low heat to hasten drying.

False

Liquid pools of blood should be allowed to dry before sampling.

Primer, Propellent, Projectile

A modern bulleted cartridge consists of the cartridge case, the ____, the ____, and the ____.

True

Based on the class characteristics present on a fired bullet, the laboratory examiner may be able to provide a list of possible weapons which may have fired the bullet.

Same water

Weapons found in water should be placed in a container with the ____ ____ for transport to the laboratory.

True

Discharge residues on clothing should be collected by taking the entire garment.

Loaded

Treat all firearms as though they are ____.

True

Gunshot residue consists of materials from the primer and the powder.

True

The crime scene investigator needs to be alert for the presence of trace evidence on recovered weapons.

Photographed

Discharge residues on skin should be ____ to preserve the pattern.

Diagram

Prior to unloading a revolver, a ____ of the cartridge positions should be made.

Gun Shot Residue

GSR stands for ____ ____ ____.

True

Based on the class characteristics present on a fired bullet, the laboratory examiner may be able to provide a list of possible weapons which may have fired the bullet.

Individual

____ characteristics are those which are the result of accidental damage to the surfaces of the heels and soles.

Close-up

Photography of impressions requires both mid-range and ____ photographs.

Casting

____ of the impression is the only method which provides a three-dimensional view of the impression.

True

Striated impressions occur when an object is pressed an moved across a surface.

False

Tire tread impressions cannot be cast with dental stone because the dental stone cannot capture sufficient detail in these impressions.

False

Vehicle measurements for tire impressions should include the wheelbase.

Schedules, Physiological

Drugs are classified into DEA ____ or by their ____ actions.

1/I

Heroin is an example of a Schedule ____ drug.

Medical

Schedule III drugs have a currently accepted ____ use.

Puncture-proof

Needles and other sharp objects should be packaged in ____ containers.

True

Controlled substances include drugs which have a legitimate medical use.

True

Controlled substances include naturally occurring, synthetic, and semisynthetic substances.

False

Some Schedule I drugs have a legitimate medical use, but are still illegal to possess.

True

Clandestine laboratories should be processed only by special teams trained for this purpose.

True

Some individuals have a higher tolerance for the effects of alcohol than do others.

Phetenol

The deadliest illegal drug in the US today is ____.

True

Field tests of Drug and Preliminary Breath Tests (PBT) for alcohol are both admissible in court because the tests are scientifically proven to be > 99.4% accurate.

0\.08

The BAC (Blood Alcohol Content) limit for DUI in Missouri is ____.

Jigsaw

Document examiners may compare the edges of torn papers “____ puzzle” style to the edges of other pieces of paper suspected of being part of the same document.

False

Document examiners do not examine inks.

Methodical

A vehicle search should be conducted in a ____ manner.

False

Measurement accuracy is not important in vehicle accident scenes.

False

Sketches of an accident scene are not important if the scene has been photographed properly.

True

Vehicle paint standards should include all layers down to the metal.

Insurance cards, Driver’s licenses, Interviews

When completing a Missouri Uniform Crash Report, the most important things needed to complete the report are ____, ____ , and ____.

Victim, Suspect, Scene

The three major sources of physical evidence in a sexual assault investigation are the ____, the ____, and the ____.

Sexual Assault Response Team

SART is an acronym for ____.