English Composition Modular CLEP

dependent clause/subordinate clause

a clause that cannot make sense on its own, joined to independent clause with a subordinating conjunction

subordinating conjunction

although, because, while, if, when, as

Compound sentences

Two independent sentences joined together by a coordinating conjunction

coordinating conjunction

or, and, but, for, so, yet, not

effect/affect

noun/verb

farther/further

physical distance/extension of time

than/then

comparison/time

capitol/capital

government building/everything else, big letter, city, money

principal/principle

school administrator/idea

Active Voice

the subject performs the action stated by the verb

Passive Voice

the subject is acted upon by the verb (if u can add by zombies in the sentence its probs passive)

Logical Comparisons

make sure categories match, use any other when comparing person vs group, and pay attention to possessives

Semicolons are used

to separate two independent clauses and make lists of extended words

MLA In-text Citations

(Last N. pg).

MLA Book Citation

Last, F. Book Title. Publisher, Year.

MLA Journal Citation

Last, F. “Article Title.” Journal Title, vol. #, no. #, Year, pp. #.

CMS In-text Citation

(Last N. Year, pg) or superscript/footnote

CMS Footnote Citation

First Last, Book Title (Publisher, Year), pg. 

CMS Journal Citation

Last, First. "Article Title." Journal Title Volume#, Issue# (Year): Page Range.

CMS Book Citation

Last, First. Book Title. City: Publisher, Year.

et al.

et alia ( and others)

APA FORMAT

Requires a full bibliographic reference at the end of the paper, listed in alphabetical order by the author’s last name

APA Book Citation

Last, F. (Year). Book Title. State: Publisher.

APA Journal Citation

Last, F. (Year). Article Title. Journal Title, volume#, pg#-pg#

APA In-text Citation

(Last N., Year)

APA chapter from edited book

Last, F (YEAR). TITLE. EDITORS. (Ed’s.) NAME OF JOURNAL (PAGE #) CITY, PRESS.

Pathos

Appeal to emotion; Create an emotional response

Logos

Speak to logic; to persuade readers by reason

Ethos

Ethical appeal; Convince readers of the credibility of the writer

emphatic order

order of importance

What is italicized in APA format?

Journal or book

Using MLA style where do we cite the page number?

At the end with the page number in parentheses

What do the letters "n.d." mean? Which styles use it?

no date. APA and Chicago (not for websites)