BIO205 Exam 2 Core Content Review

Structure of nucleotides

Deoxyribose, phosphate, and base

Components of DNA

Complementary

The way that strands of DNA interact

Double helix

2 strands of DNA parallel to each other

Antiparallel

Strands running in opposite directions

Base pairs

A, T, G, C

Phosphodiester bond

Link between nucleotides to form one strand

Hydrogen bond

Holds base pairs together

Nucleotide

Building block of DNA

2 major genomic structures in bacteria

Prokaryotic chromosomes

A single, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule

Eukaryotic chromosomes

Linear DNA molecule

Structure of plasmids

Small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule in the cytoplasm

4 examples of plasmids

F plasmid – DNA transfer

R plasmid – Antibiotic resistance

Col plasmid – Bacteriocin production

Ti plasmid – Tumor formation in plants

Replication process

Origin

Helicase

DNA polymerase III

Primase

Ligase

Single strand DNA binding proteins

DNA polymerase I

Leading strand

Lagging strand

Continuous synthesis

Discontinuous synthesis

Okasaki fragments

Process of transcription

Promoter

Terminator RNA polymerase

Initiation in transcription

Elongation in transcription

Termination in transcription

Coding strand

Template strand

Process of translation

MRNA

TRNA

RRNA/ribosome

Codon

Anticodon

Genetic code

Start codon

Stop codon

Release factors

Initiation in translation

Elongation in translation

Termination in translation