histology

Where in the body is simple squamous epithelium found?

kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity (serosae)

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae

Where in the body is simple squamous epithelium found?

kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity (serosae)

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae

Where in the body is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portion of small glands; ovary surface

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

secretion and absorption

Where in the body is simple columnar epithelium found?

non-ciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal), gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus

What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?

absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliated action

Where in the body is pseudostratified columnar epithelium found?

non-ciliated type in male’s sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands; ciliated variety lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract

What is the function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

secretion, particularly of mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

Where in the body is stratified squamous epithelium found?

nonkeratinized type forms the moist linings of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina; keratinized variety forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?

protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion

Where in the body is transitional epithelium found?

lines the ureters, bladder, and part of the urethra

What is the function of transitional epithelium?

stretches readily and permits distention of urinary organ by contained urine

Where in the body is loose connective tissue proper areolar found?

widely distributed under epithelia of body, e.g. forms lamina propria of mucus membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries

What is the function of loose connective tissue proper areolar?

wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid

Where in the body is loose connective tissue proper adipose found?

under skin; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts

What is the function of loose connective tissue proper adipose?

provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs

Where in the body is loose connective tissue proper reticular found?

lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)

What is the function of loose connective tissue proper reticular?

fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types including WBC, mast cells, and macrophages

Where in the body is dense connective tissue proper dense regular found?

tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses

What is the function of dense connective tissue proper dense regular?

attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction

Where in the body is dense connective tissue proper dense irregular found?

dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract; fibrous capsules of organs and of joints

What is the function of dense connective tissue proper dense irregular?

able to extend tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength

Where in the body is hyaline cartilage found?

forms most of the embryonic skeleton; covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities; forms costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larynx

What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

supports and reinforces; has resilient cushioning properties; resists compressive stress

Where in the body is elastic cartilage found?

supports the external ear (pinna); epiglottis

What is the function of elastic cartilage?

maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility

Where in the body is fibrocartilage found?

intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis; discs of knee joint

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock

Where in the body is bone/osseous tissue found?

bones

What is the function of bone/osseous tissue?

supports and protects (by enclosing); provides levers for the muscles to act on; stores calcium and other minerals and fat; marrow inside bones is the site for blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

Where in the body is blood found?

contained within blood vessels

What is the function of blood?

transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances

Where in the body is nervous tissue found?

brain, spinal cord, and nerves

What is the function of nervous tissue?

transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (muscles and glands) which control their activity

Where in the body is skeletal muscle found?

in skeletal muscles attached to bones, or occasionally to skin

What is the function of skeletal muscle?

voluntary movement; locomotion; manipulation of the environment; facial expression; voluntary control

Where in the body is cardiac muscle found?

the walls of the heart

What is the function of cardiac muscle?

as it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation; involuntary control

Where in the body is smooth muscle found?

mostly in the walls of hollow organs

What is the function of smooth muscle?

propels substances or objects (foodstuffs, urine, a baby) along internal passageways; involuntary control