Cultures Quiz 1

importance of plate tectonics

kept australia and nz isolated, allowing flora and fauna to be produced and evolution and stuff

australia climate and age

austrialia is dry and arid, and geologically old. its stable

nz climate and age

nz is tropical and cold, and geologically new. unstable

dreamtime

aboriginal origin of ancestors going around and naming places; accessible to those who walk the country and see the songlines as the aboriginal ancestors did

terra australis incognita

the term and concept that there must be an unknown southern land or otherwise the world would “turn upside down”

assignment

process that convicts were assigned to certain labor. three types:

• physical construction of roads and buildings

• domestic servants and farm laborers

• farmers, surveyors and architects, or police

“the system”

in reference to the convict transportation system, where prisoners from britain were being exiled and brought to australia

convict stain

the idea that being a convict was bad and its effect will last forever by passing down your children and representing their nation (staining their bloodline per se)

cultural cringe

the idea that we come from an “inferior stock” since our ancestors were convicts

marsupials

animals that have a pouch where the babies feed and are carried.
some examples include:

• kangaroo

  • a group is called a mob

  • a child is called a joey

monotremes

egg-laying mammals with one “opening”. there are only two types: platypus and anteater (echidna)

convergent evolution

evolution where different animals came to develop similar traits. such as a dolphins and sharks

antipodes

bottom of the earth; how the english referred to australia as

rousseau’s natural man

idea that human beings are naturally good and noble

hobbesian perspective

idea that human beings are naturally violent and only survived by grouping together under a strong leader; that “life is nasty, but short & sweet”

aboriginals

native people to australia; did NOT give themselves this same, but rather was given to them by the colonists. it means “from the beginning”

emancipists

convicts who were freed and lived in australia

exclusives

the free settlers

currency

the children of the emancipists. they were “current” and “common”

sterling

the children of the exclusives; think sterling silver

rum corps (nsw corps, botany bay rangers)

captains who took over the government and controlled everything. they had a monopoly on the import and export of rum, which gave them major economic and political influence

rum rebellion

in 1808 when the NSW Corps (aka rum corps) took over and took governor bligh in his bedroom in NSW. bligh had beef with john macarthur (bligh stopped some of his shady imports). the NSW corps had a monopoly on the import and export of rum and bligh tried to stop it

bushrangers

escaped convicts who lived in the outback and went around robbing banks. ned kelly is a famous one

walkabout

aboriginal tradition of reliving dreamtime

terra nullius

idea that nothing and no one was on australia, allowing the british to claim the land since it was “unoccupied” according to them (google it); nullius meaning nothing

white austrailia policy

policy to keep asians out starting in 1901

stolen generation

the children who were taken form the aboriginals. not just a single generation and not just an australian issue. the children were taken into white foster homes and was aimed to erase their culture and stop aboriginals from growing. caused trauma and loss of cultural identity.

mateship

friendship between guys that is a core value in australian life

events of 1642

abel tasman founded australia

events of 1770

james cook and the brits made their way to the land to “find” australia. his original mission was to map longitude and stuff but had a secret mission to see if a southern land did exist

events of 1788

when the brits realized they needed a new prison, this year they sent the first fleet of prisoners to australia to establish the first penal colony

events of 1851

gold is discovered which is a big turning point in stuff

events of 1868

the convict-system is ended and prisoners were stopped being shipped to australia.

events of 1901

the states come together and unify as one country

name of six states

• new south wales (prison colony)

• tasmania (prison colony)

• victoria

• south australia

• western australia

• queensland

name of two territories

• nothern territory

• australian capital territory (carved out of new south wales)

abel tasman

founded australia in 1642

captain james cook

made his way for the british to “find” the land of australia in 1770

joseph banks

traveled with james cook on his expeditions because australia was great to settle. his testimonies led the brits to think that aus would be a good place for prison colonies. said it had vast wildlife and fertile ground for crops

arthur phillip

british guy who established first permanent european colony in australia

john & elizabeth macarthur

exclusives who brought sheep and started grazing. thought it was a good place to raise animals. john started off in military, then bought lots of land and imported sheep. had beef with bligh about manipulating prices

ned kelly

most infamous bushranger. known for wearing a suit of bulletproof armor during his final shootout with police