kidney

what are the Kidney functions:
Very

Clever

Pidgeons

Migrate

east

Very - volume : blood pressure

Clever - concentration : Na+/ K / Cl- / Mg / ca

Pidgeons - pH : H+ (acid) / HCO3 - (bicarbonate base) / NH4+

Migrate - Metabolism :

glycogenolysis (breaking of glucose)

glycogenesis (storage of glucose as glycogen)

gluconeogenesis (produce new glucose)

vitamin D synthesis - helps control blood calcium levels

east - Endocrine & excreotry:

excretory: metabolic waste; creatinine, urea, and uric acid. Rids of water soluble drugs

endocrine: Renin - tells kidneys to hold salt and pull water back in. maintain blood pressure

EPO; creation of red blood cells

Urinary system:

Major organs

• Kidneys

• Ureters

• Urinary bladder

• Urethra

Kidneys - primary excretory organ filters 200 liters per day

Ureters - slender tubes carries urine to urinary bladder

Urinary bladder - tempoary storage site for urine. collapsible smooth muscular sac

Urethra - drains urine from bladder to outside of body.

Components of a nephron:

efferent ateriole is blood ___

Afferent ateriole is blood going ?

what is the ball of yarn?

what does the glomerulus do?

what is another name for glomerula capsule

efferent - exiting

Afferent - entering the glomerulus

yarn = glomerulus

glomerulus - filters the blood out into the nephron

glomerulus capsule = bowmans capsule

what is the first part of the nephron?

what is the next part?

it then becomes a U shaped called?

descending limb is thinner

Ascending limb is thicker

Distal convuluted tubule

lastly the collecting ducts

glomerula capsule/bowsman capsule

next part: proximal convuluted capsule

nephron loop

what does the collecting duct do?

it collects the filtrate

what are the tubes that the efferent ateriole wrap around the nephron called?

peritubular capillaries

glomerular filtration:

what are the 3 layers?

what do each stop?

1st layer (top) - epitehlia, made of fenetrated endothelia.

• to stop cells going through

2nd layer (middle) - basement memebrane, made of connective tissue.

• to stop proteins going through

• made of collagen which are negativetly charged. proteins are negative charge so they repel each other

3rd layer - podocytes: they anything through of a size between 10-40 nanometers.

• stop both protein and cells

how many liters gets filled in the glomerulus?

how much gets peed out?

180 liters per day

only 1.8 liters per day peed out

what wraps around the tubules and capillaries?

what do those capillariers do?

peritubular capillaries

they reabsorb 99% all of the stuff thats been filtered, called filtrate

how much does the proximal convuluted tubule reaborbs?

how much does loop of henle reabsorbed?

how much does distal convululted tubule reabsorbs?

65% - proximal convuluted tubule reaborbs

15% - loop of henle

15% - distal convululted tubul

proximal convuluted tubule reaborbs what ions?

what ion gets reabsobed only at the proximal convuluted tubule?

ions:

sodium Na +

potassium K +

chloride CL -

calcium Ca +

magnesium Mg +

bicarbonate

water

amino acids

urea

glucose

ion gets reabsobed only at the proximal convuluted tubule: glucose

it too much glucose gets filtered, not enough time to reabsorbed.

it has a strong osmalitiy.

what is osmalitiy and why does diabtetics pee out glcose?

osmalitiy: strong pulling force. it pulls water with it and urinates with glucose. diabetics only

what ion is reabsorbed in the thin descending limb ?

it does what to urine?

water

urine is concentrated

thick ascending limb reabsorb what ions?

bicarbonate

ions:

sodium Na +

potassium K +

chloride CL -

calcium Ca +

magnesium Mg +

what ion does distal convuluted tubule reabsorbs?

ions:

sodium Na +

potassium K +

chloride CL -

calcium Ca +

magnesium Mg +

bicarbonate and water

collecting duct reabsorbs what ions?

sodium

chloride

bicarbonate

water

urea

what does the proximal convuluted tubule pee out?

urea

uric acid

creatinine

hydrogen ions

drugs

ammonia

what is the 1 thing the descending limb pee out?

urea

what does the distal convuluted tubule and collecting duct secrete out?

hydrogen

drugs

ammonia NH4+