EN 10.08.2023

fringe

the outer or less important part of an area, group, or activity

assemble

to come together in a single place or bring parts together in a single group

bias

the action of supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way, because of allowing personal opinions to influence your judgment

coincide

to happen at or near the same time

commence

to begin something

conceive

to imagine something

deduce

to reach an answer or a decision by thinking carefully about the known facts

adolescent

a young person who is developing into an adult

ambiguous

having or expressing more than one possible meaning, sometimes intentionally

nostalgia

a feeling of pleasure and also slight sadness when you think about things that happened in the past

indispensable

something or someone that is indispensable is so good or important that you could not manage without it, him, or her

something or someone that is indispensable is so good or important that you could not manage without it, him, or her

very careful and with great attention to every detail

fluctuate

to change, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another

undermine

to make someone less confident, less powerful, or less likely to succeed, or to make something weaker, often gradually

dread

to feel extremely worried or frightened about something that is going to happen or that might happen

dissolve

(of a solid) to be absorbed by a liquid, especially when mixed, or (of a liquid) to absorb a solid

blister

a painful swelling on the skin that contains liquid, caused usually by continuous rubbing, especially on your foot, or by burning

persistent

someone who is persistent continues doing something or tries to do something in a determined but often unreasonable way

irresistible

impossible to refuse, oppose, or avoid because it is too pleasant, attractive, or strong

wrinkled

(of skin) having small lines because of old age

dignified

controlled, serious, and calm, and therefore deserving respect

malicious

intended to harm or upset other people

indifferent

not thinking about or interested in someone or something

vulnerable

**able to be easily physically or mentally hurt, influenced, or attacked**

affectionate

showing feelings of liking or love

advocate

to publicly support or suggest an idea, development, or way of doing something

adjacent

very near, next to, or touching

acre

a unit for measuring area, equal to 4,047 square metres or 4,840 square yards

accumulation

an amount of something that has been collected

accountable

someone who is accountable is completely responsible for what they do and must be able to give a satisfactory reason for it

abrupt

sudden and unexpected, and often unpleasant

analogous

having similar features to another thing and therefore able to be compared with it

amend

to change the words of a text, especially a law or a legal document

ambiguous

having or expressing more than one possible meaning, sometimes intentionally

ambiguity

(an example of) the fact of something having more than one possible meaning and therefore possibly causing confusion

allocation

the process of giving someone their part of a total amount of something to use in a particular way

allied

connected by a political or military agreement

alliance

a group of countries, political parties, or people who have agreed to work together because of shared interests or aims

allegedly

used when something illegal or wrong is said to have been done, but has not been proved

allege

to say that someone has done something illegal or wrong without giving proof:

albeit

although

tender

gentle, loving, or kind

cannot afford

If you cannot afford to do something, you must not do it because it would cause serious problems for you

arid

very dry and without enough rain for plants

arch

a structure, consisting of a curved top on two supports, that holds the weight of something above it

arbitrary

based on chance rather than being planned or based on reason

apologetic

showing that you feel sorry about having caused someone problems or unhappiness

poles

a long, thin stick of wood or metal, often used standing straight up in the ground to support things

anticipation

**a feeling of excitement about something that is going to happen in the near future**

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antibiotic

a medicine or chemical that can destroy harmful bacteria in the body or limit their growth

anonymous

made or done by someone whose name is not known or not made public

anchor

a heavy metal object, usually shaped like a cross with curved arms, on a strong rope or chain, that is dropped from a boat into the water to prevent the boat from moving away

analogy

a comparison between things that have similar features, often used to help explain a principle or idea

aspire to

to want something very much or hope to achieve something or be successful

aspiration

something that you hope to achieve:

if you ask me

said when giving your opinion on something

imply

to communicate an idea or feeling without saying it directly

artificial intelligence

the study of how to produce machines that have some of the qualities that the human mind has, such as the ability to understand language, recognize pictures, solve problems, and learn

arrive at something

to reach an agreement about something

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arouse

to cause someone to have a particular feeling

mercy

kindness that makes you forgive someone, usually someone that you have authority over

astronomy

the scientific study of the universe and of objects that exist naturally in space, such as the moon, the sun, planets, and stars

assertive

someone who is assertive behaves confidently and is not frightened to say what they want or believe

assembly

a group of people, especially one that meets regularly for a particular purpose, such as government, or, more generally, the process of coming together, or the state of being together

assemble

to come together in a single place or bring parts together in a single group

assault

a violent attack

aspiring

**an aspiring actor, politician, writer, etc.**

attribute

a quality or characteristic that someone or something has

awe

a feeling of great respect sometimes mixed with fear or surprise

backing

support, especially money, that someone gives to a person or plan

backward

not advanced

barn

a large building on a farm in which animals or hay (= dried grass) and grain are kept

resemblance

the fact that two people or things look like each other or are similar in some other way

grin

a wide smile

blister

a painful swelling on the skin that contains liquid, caused usually by continuous rubbing, especially on your foot, or by burning

bleak

if a place is bleak, it is empty, and not welcoming or attractive

bland

not having a strong taste or character or not showing any interest or energy

blackmail

the act of getting money from people or forcing them to do something by threatening to tell a secret of theirs or to harm them

bind

to tie something or someone tightly or to fasten something

bias

the action of supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way, because of allowing personal opinions to influence your judgment

dispute

an argument or disagreement, especially an official one between, for example, workers and employers or two countries with a common border

know best

to be the most suitable person to have responsibility and make important decisions

dignity

calm, serious, and controlled behaviour that makes people respect you

come into

If someone comes into money, property, or a title, they receive it as a result of the death of a relation

flesh

**the soft part of the body of a person or animal that is between the skin and the bones, or the soft inside part of a fruit or vegetable**

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blunt

A blunt pencil, knife, etc. is not sharp and therefore not able to write, cut, etc. well.

breadth

**the fact of including many different things, features, subjects, or qualities**

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break the news to

to tell someone about something unpleasant that will affect or upset them

contempt

a strong feeling of disliking and having no respect for someone or something

ignorance

lack of knowledge, understanding, or information about something

bribery

an attempt to make someone do something for you by giving the person money, presents, or something else that they want 

lump

a piece of a solid substance, usually with no particular shape

broadminded

willing to accept many different types of behaviour, beliefs, or choices in other people

brink

the point where a new or different situation is about to begin

\]bundle

a number of things that have been fastened or are held together

bureaucracy

a system for controlling or managing a country, company, or organization that is operated by a large number of officials employed to follow rules carefully

burial

the act of putting a dead body into the ground, or the ceremony connected with this

burn the midnight oil

to work late into the night

burst into flames

to suddenly burn strongly, producing a lot of flames

butt in

to interrupt a conversation or discussion or someone who is talking