Chemistry Chapter 1

the beginning stuff

Chemistry

The scientific study of matter and its properties

Matter

the ‘stuff’ that makes up the universe

composition

types and amounts of simpler substances that make up a larger substance

Solid

state of matter that is fixed

Liquid

state of matter that has varying shape, it has a fixed volume, ie an upper surface

gas

has a varying shape but fills a space regardless of volume and therefore does not have a surface

properties of matter

physical and chemical

physical properties

characteristics a substance shows by itself without changing into another substance (color, melting point, electrical conductivity, density)

chemical properties

a change in composition, properties shown as a substance interacts with another (flammability, corrosiveness, and reactivity)

physical change

a change that affects physical properties but does not change material composition

Chemical change

when one or more substances are converted into one or more different substances

potential energy

the energy due to the position of the object relative to other objects

kinetic energy

the energy due to the motion of an object

energy

the ability to do work

low energy

more stable and favored situation

scientific method

process by which we attempt to make objective and verifiable discoveries

observations

facts our ideas should explain

data

quantitative information

natural law

a mathematical summary of an observation with many supports and no clear exceptions

hypothesis

proposal to explain observation

Experiment

series of steps to test a hypothesis

model

a method by which to explain why a phenomena occurs. it is simplified and used to predict the phenomena

kilogram

base unit for mass

meter

base unit for distance

second

base unit for time

kelvin

base unit for temperature

mole

base unit for amount of substance

ampere

base unit for electric current

candela

base unit for luminosity

SI

system international, a system of base units used internationally with additional units derived from the base unit.