Q4: MORAL FRAMEWORKS

Ethics

This branch of philosophy is concerned with the questions of how human person ought to act, and the search for a definition of right conduct and the good life.

Ethos

Greek word that means customs or character.

Ethics

From the Greek word ethos.

Ethics

Standards of “good and bad” distinguished by a certain community or social setting.

Morality

It is personal and normative.

Ethics/Morality

Concerned with what is good and what is bad.

Ethics/Morality

Concerned with why is ‘good’ good and why is ‘bad’ bad.

Normative Ethics

Examines standards for the rightness and wrongness of actions; it is concerned with how one ‘ought’ to act.

Meta-Ethics

Studies the meaning of moral language and the metaphysics of moral facts; it is concerned with the question: what is goodness?

Applied Ethics

Concerned with real-world actions and their moral considerations in the areas of private and public life, the professions, health, technology, law, and leadership.

descriptive ethics

Normative Ethics is also different from _ _ as _ _ is concerned with empirical investigation with people’s moral beliefs.

Descriptive Ethics

_ _ is concerned with the question: ‘What do people think is right?’

Normative Ethics, prescriptive

_ _ is more _. It is concerned with the question: ‘How should people act?’

Ethics of Care

Argues that morality arises out of the experiences of empathy and compassion.

empathy, compassion

Ethics of care argues that morality arises out of the experiences of _ and _.

Pragmatic Ethics

Argues that moral correctness evolves similarly to scientific knowledge: socially over the course of many lifetimes.

many lifetimes

Pragmatic ethics argues that moral correctness evolves similarly to scientific knowledge: socially over the course of _ _.

Role Ethics

Argues that morality is based on roles one have in society (e.g. family role).

Consequential Ethics

Argues that the morality of an action is contingent on the action's outcome or result.

contingent

Argues that the morality of an action is _ on the action's outcome or result.

outcome, result

Argues that the morality of an action is contingent on the action's _ or _.

Utilitarianism

It holds that an action is right if it leads to the most happiness for the greatest number of people.

most happiness

It holds that an action is right if it leads to the _ _ for the greatest number of people.

Consequential Ethics

The end justify the means.

Deontological

Duty Ethics is also known as _.

Duty Ethics

Morality of an action should be based on whether that action itself is right or wrong under a series of rules, rather than based on the consequences of the action.

under a series of rules

Morality of an action should be based on whether that action itself is right or wrong _ _ _ _ _, rather than based on the consequences of the action.

Duty Ethics

Asserts that morality is in humanity's rational capacity and asserts certain inviolable moral laws.

rational capacity

Asserts that morality is in humanity's _ _ and asserts certain inviolable moral laws.

inviolable

Asserts that morality is in humanity's rational capacity and asserts certain _ moral laws.

Immanuel Kant

Categorical Imperative of _ _

Categorical Imperative

_ _ of Immanuel Kant

Principle of Universality

Act only according to that maxim by which you can also will that it would become a universal law.

universal law

Act only according to that maxim by which you can also will that it would become a _ _.

Principle of Humanity

Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end.

Aretaic

Virtue ethics is also known as _.

Virtue Ethics

Focuses on the inherent character of a person rather than on specific actions; emphasizes virtues of mind and character.

inherent character

Virtue ethics focuses on the _ _ of a person rather than on specific actions.

mind, character

Virtue ethics emphasizes virtues of _ and _.

Aretaic

_ is from Greek term arete meaning excellence or virtue.

Arete

Aretaic is from Greek term _ meaning excellence or virtue.

excellence, virtue

Arete means _ or _.

consequence, rules, virtues

Morality does not rely on certain moral _ or certain moral _ rather morality depend on how people will deal with moral _.

Arete

Bound up with the notion of fulfillment of purpose or function.

fulfillment

Arete is bound up with the notion of _ of purpose or function.

Phronesis

Practical or moral wisdom

Phronesis

Acquired trait that enables its possessor to identify the thing to do in any given situation, results in action or decision.

action, decision

Phronesis is an acquired trait that enables its possessor to identify the thing to do in any given situation, results in _ or _.

Eudaimonia

State achieved by the person who lives the proper human life, an outcome that can be reached by practicing the virtues.

proper human life

Eudaimonia is a state achieved by the person who lives the _ _ _, an outcome that can be reached by practicing the virtues.