EAES FINAL WATER

water heat capacity

highest of all solids and liquids except NH3

highest heat conduction of liquids

hydrogen bonds require lots of energy to break

large bodies of water absorb heat during the day and release it at night, regulating temp

Oceans

70% of earths surface

97% of earths water

Glaciers

75% of earths freshwater

freshwater used

1) directly

2) indirectly

3) polluted

Surface reservoirs

lakes, wetland, ocean, etc

1 m/s flow

groundwater reservoirs

aquifers

1m/ day or year range flow

Infiltration

movement from surface reservoirs into ground reservoirs (water cycle)

groundwater recharge

Aquifers

permeable rock/sediment layers

groundwater reservoirs

Aquitards

impermeable/rocky sediment layers

Confined Aquifer

harder to replenish, harder to contaminate

Infiltration capacity

maximum rate that water will be absorbed by upper surface of earth

(condition of soil, slope of land, vegetation type, rainfall intensity, etc)

Injection wells

can recharge confined aquifers

Recharge basins

can recharge unconfined aquifers

Groundwater discharge

springs

water table

boundary between vadose/aeration zone and zone of saturation (aquifer)

How Salmon Populations Are Estimated

• Weir counts: Structures that allow salmon to pass one at a time, so they can be counted.

• Sonar and video monitoring

• Tagging and tracking of juveniles or returning adults

• Creel surveys and catch records from fisheries