AP US History Key Terms
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13th Amendment
Banned slavery (except as punishment for crime) - But during Reconstruction and Jim Crow System, unjust convict leasing system resulted in imprisonment of many Black Americans
Constitutional amendment that granted women the right to vote, marking a significant achievement in the women's suffrage movement. Ratified in 1920, it emphasized the principle of equal voting rights for all citizens.
Constitutional amendment that guarantees freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition.
Constitutional amendment that repealed the 18th Amendment, legalizing the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol.
Constitutional amendment that lowered the voting age to 18, ensuring that young citizens could participate in elections. Ratified in 1971, it aimed to enhance democratic participation.
A social and political movement aimed at ending slavery and promoting the rights of enslaved people, particularly in the United States during the 19th century.
The 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln led the nation during the Civil War and was instrumental in the abolition of slavery through the Emancipation Proclamation.
A treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the two nations.
A 1923 Supreme Court case that upheld women's minimum wage laws, ruling such regulations were constitutional under the right to contract.
special courts that handle maritime cases and disputes related to shipping and navigation.
The leader of Germany from 1934 to 1945, known for instigating World War II and the Holocaust, while the Nazi Party was the political group he led, promoting fascist and totalitarian ideologies.
Policies that aim to increase opportunities for historically underrepresented groups in education and employment.
A U.S. federal law enacted in 1933 to boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses through the paying of farmers to limit crop production.
Agricultural Mechanization
The process of using agricultural machinery to mechanize farming, increasing efficiency and productivity in crop production.
A militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden, responsible for numerous terrorist attacks including the September 11 attacks.
A U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America, known for its vast wilderness, national parks, and diverse wildlife.
A proposal by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies, aimed at coordinating defense against Native American attacks and promoting economic cooperation.
A group of Native American tribes originally from the northeastern United States and Canada, known for their hunting and agricultural practices.
Laws passed in 1798 that restricted immigration and limited free speech, targeting political opponents of the Federalist Party.
The coalition of countries, including France, Britain, Russia, and later the United States, that fought against the Central Powers during World War I, aiming to preserve their independence and sovereignty.
The coalition of countries that fought against the Axis Powers during World War II, primarily including the United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and China.
A political group active before World War II that opposed American entry into the conflict, advocating for isolationism and prioritizing American interests.
An organization founded in 1833 that aimed to abolish slavery in the United States through advocacy and activism, involving notable figures like William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass.
Founded in 1816, the American Colonization Society was an organization aimed at transporting free African Americans to Africa, primarily Liberia, to promote the notion of colonization as a solution to the issue of slavery.
The U.S. armed forces sent to Europe during World War I, led by General John J. Pershing, to assist the Allies.
A national federation of labor unions in the United States founded in 1886, which aimed to organize skilled workers and promote their interests through collective bargaining and political action.
A civil rights organization founded in 1968 that advocated for the rights of Native Americans, focusing on issues such as sovereignty, treaty rights, and social justice.
An economic plan in the early 19th century that aimed to strengthen the U.S. economy through internal improvements, a national bank, and tariff protection for American industry.
A dedicated organization formed in 1869 to advocate for women's right to vote in the United States, focusing on state and federal levels to secure suffrage.
A Union military strategy during the Civil War designed to defeat the Confederacy by blockading Southern ports and controlling the Mississippi River.
Native American culture known for its cliff dwellings and advanced architectural skills, primarily located in the Southwestern United States.
A Scottish-American industrialist who led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. Carnegie is known for his philanthropic efforts, including the establishment of libraries and education initiatives.
Andrew Jackson
The seventh president of the United States, ____ was a controversial figure known for his populist approach and the implementation of the Indian Removal Act, leading to the Trail of Tears.
17th President of the United States, he succeeded Abraham Lincoln and faced significant challenges during Reconstruction.
The process of adopting English customs and language, often by non-English speakers.
A Puritan spiritual leader in colonial Massachusetts who challenged the male-dominated religious authorities and advocated for a personal relationship with God, leading to her trial and banishment from the colony.
A significant labor strike in 1902 involving coal miners in Pennsylvania, where workers demanded higher wages, shorter workdays, and better working conditions. This strike marked a pivotal moment in labor relations, leading to federal intervention.
Opponents of the Constitution who argued against a strong central government and advocated for states' rights.
A group formed in 1898 to oppose American territorial expansion and imperialism, advocating for the rights of people in annexed territories.
An organization founded in 1893 that advocated for the prohibition of alcohol in the United States, playing a significant role in the temperance movement.
Movement to end slavery and promote equal rights for all individuals, particularly focusing on the abolition of chattel slavery in the United States.
Demonstrations opposing military conflict, especially during the Vietnam War era.
The diplomatic strategy of making concessions to an aggressor in order to avoid conflict, most notably used in the context of pre-World War II negotiations with Nazi Germany.
The event in 1865 where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant, effectively ending the Civil War.
The process of distributing or allocating seats in a legislative body among different regions or groups based on population.
A competition between nations for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons, particularly prominent during the Cold War.
A phrase coined by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to describe the United States' role in supplying materials to the Allied forces during World War II.
The original constitution of the United States, ratified in 1781, which established a weak central government and was eventually replaced by the US Constitution.
A manufacturing process that involves the linearly organized arrangement of workers and machines to create goods efficiently, pioneered by Henry Ford in the early 20th century.
The process by which immigrants adopt the cultural norms and values of a dominant society, often leading to a loss of their original cultural identity.
A financial strategy used by the federal government to consolidate and manage the debts incurred by individual states after the Revolutionary War.
An ancient instrument used for solving problems related to time and the position of the stars and planets.
A speech delivered by Booker T. Washington in 1895, advocating for the economic advancement of African Americans through vocational education and a conciliatory approach to race relations.
The interconnected economic activities between Europe, Africa, and the Americas during the age of exploration, which involved trade of goods, slaves, and resources.
A powerful explosive weapon developed during World War II that uses nuclear reactions to produce a massive explosion, first successfully tested in 1945.
The coalition of countries led by Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II, opposing the Allies.
An indigenous civilization that flourished in central Mexico from the 14th to the 16th century, known for its architectural and artistic achievements, as well as its complex social, political, and religious systems.
A significant increase in birth rates occurring in the United States and other countries post-World War II, roughly from 1946 to 1964.
The sparsely populated region of the Eastern United States, located behind the coastal plains, primarily inhabited by settlers and frontiersmen.
Bacon's Rebellion
An uprising in 1676 in colonial Virginia, fueled by frustration over government inaction against Native American attacks and the elite's monopolization of land.
A landmark Supreme Court case from 1962 that decided that redistricting issues present justiciable questions, thus enabling federal courts to intervene in and decide redistricting cases.
A landmark Supreme Court case decided in 1978 that upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of the factors in college admission policies.
A prohibition established in 1808 against the importation of enslaved African people into the United States, leading to significant impacts on the domestic slave economy.
A sudden demand by a large number of depositors to withdraw their funds from a bank, often occurring during times of financial panic.
A series of political battles and economic conflicts in the 1830s in the United States over the rechartering of the Second Bank of the United States, leading to its eventual demise.
The first African American president of the United States, who served two terms from 2009 to 2017, known for the Affordable Care Act and significant foreign policy initiatives.
An island country in the Caribbean, known for its beaches, historical plantation culture, and as a former British colony.
The legal framework established in 1661 that defined the rights of slaves and the rights of their owners in Barbados, significantly influencing slave laws in other colonies.
A Spanish Dominican friar and missionary who advocated for the rights of Indigenous peoples and opposed their enslavement in the Americas.
A forced march of American and Filipino prisoners of war by the Japanese army during World War II, characterized by severe brutality and high mortality rates.
The bloodiest single-day battle in American history, fought on September 17, 1862, during the Civil War, resulting in significant casualties and providing a strategic victory for the Union.
A major battle during the American Civil War fought from July 22 to September 2, 1864, which resulted in the Union capturing the city of Atlanta and significantly weakening Confederate logistics.
The first major battle of the American Civil War, fought on July 21, 1861, in Virginia, resulting in a confederate victory and a rude awakening for Union forces.
A key battle in the American Revolutionary War that took place on June 17, 1775. Although technically a British victory, the fierce resistance from American forces boosted Patriot morale.
The final battle of the Northwest Indian War, fought on August 20, 1794, where American forces under General Anthony Wayne defeated the Miami Confederacy, leading to a peace treaty and American control of the Northwest Territory.
A pivotal battle in the American Civil War, fought from July 1 to July 3, 1863, in Pennsylvania, resulting in a significant Union victory and marked the turning point of the war.
A major battle in the Pacific Theater during World War II that took place between August 1942 and February 1943, marking the first significant offensive by Allied forces against Japan.
The first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War, fought on April 19, 1775, marking the start of the conflict between the American colonies and British forces.
A battle fought on June 25-26, 1876, in Montana, where Lieutenant Colonel George Custer and his forces were defeated by a coalition of Native American tribes led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, marking a significant event in the Great Sioux War.
A pivotal naval battle in the Pacific Theater during World War II, fought from June 4 to June 7, 1942, which resulted in a significant turning point against Japanese forces.
A major turning point in the American Revolutionary War, fought in 1777, where American forces defeated British troops, leading to French support for the colonies.
A conflict between U.S. troops and Native Americans in 1890, marking the end of the Indian Wars.
The final major battle of the American Revolutionary War, fought in 1781, where American and French forces besieged British troops, leading to their surrender and effectively ensuring American independence.
A failed invasion of Cuba in 1961 by U.S.-backed Cuban exiles, aiming to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
A literary and cultural movement in the 1950s that rejected conventional society, promoting nonconformity, creativity, and spontaneity through art, literature, and lifestyle.
Benito Mussolini & Fascism
Governing from 1922 to 1943, characterized by authoritarianism, nationalism, and an emphasis on the power of the state over individual rights.
A Founding Father, inventor, and diplomat, known for his role in the American Revolution and contributions to the drafting of the Declaration of Independence.
A steel production method developed by Henry Bessemer in the 1850s, which allowed for the mass production of steel by removing impurities from iron through oxidation.
An influential American feminist, writer, and activist best known for her book "The Feminine Mystique" which challenged the traditional roles of women in society.
A governmental system with two legislative chambers, typically an upper house and a lower house, designed to balance representation and lawmaking.
A foreign policy approach by Theodore Roosevelt that emphasized negotiation backed by the threat of military force.
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