FINALS PD 1 - Moral Development Character & Ethical Judgement

Moral character

can be conceptualized as an individual's disposition to think, feel, and behave in an ethical versus unethical manner, or as the subset of individual differences relevant to morality.

Moral character

This essay provides an organizing framework for understanding --- and its relationship to ethical and unethical work behaviors.

1. The motivational Element
2. The ability element
3. The identity element

Three-Way model presentation of the topic:

1. The motivational Element

- It is consideration of others which refers to a disposition toward considering the needs and interests of others, and how one's own actions affect other people.

2. The ability element

- It is a self-regulation which refers to a disposition toward regulating one's behavior effectively, specifically with reference to behaviors that have positive short-term consequences but negative long-term consequences for one or others.

3. The identity element

- It is a moral identity which refer to a disposition toward valuing morality and wanting to view oneself as a moral person.

Moral character

incorporates the underlying qualities of a person's moral or ethical knowledge, reasoning, values, and commitments that are routinely displayed in behavior.

Character

is associated with the quality of one's life, especially in terms of moral and ethical decisions and actions.

moral character

In the framework for developing the whole person, it is one of three core elements that are dynamically related to both the personal and social aspects of one's life.

According to Robert J. Havighurst

the assertion of the developmental tasks theory is that development is continuous throughout a person's entire lifespan, occurring in stages.

According to Robert J. Havighurst

A person moves from one stage to the next by means of successful resolution of problems or performance of certain developmental tasks),

According to Robert J. Havighurst

the moral character development equated morality with unselfishness.

Thomas Lickona

argues that the affective or emotional side of character education serves as the bridge between judgment and action.

Thomas Lickona

It motivates the individual to put into practice whatever he or she learnt.

Thomas Lickona

He attempted to connect psychological and behavioral components when he said that

"Good character consists of knowing the good, desiring the good, and doing the good-habits of the mind, habits of the heart, and habits of action".

"Good character consists of knowing the good, desiring the good, and doing the good-habits of the mind, habits of the heart, and habits of action".

Thomas Lickona attempted to connect psychological and behavioral components when he said that ---

Darcia Narvaez and James Rest

advocated that the skills of moral and character development should be on the internal processes and behavioral skills that are required for moral behavior

Darcia Narvaez and James Rest

propose that sensitivity, judgment, and motivation emerge from the interaction of cognitive and affective processes.

1. Ethical Sensitivity
2. Ethical Judgment
3. Ethical Motivation
4. Ethical Action

The Behavioral Skills According to Narvaez and Rest,

1. Ethical Sensitivity

- the perception of moral and social situations,

1. Ethical Sensitivity

including the ability to consider possible actions and their repercussions in terms of the people involved.

2. Ethical Judgment

- the consideration of possible alternative actions and the rationale for selecting one or more as best.

3. Ethical Motivation

- the selection of moral values most relevant in the situation and the commitment to act on that selection.

4. Ethical Action

- the ego strength combined with the psychological and social skills necessary to carry out the selected alternative.

ETHICAL SENSITIVITY

• It is an "attention to the ethical values involved in a conflict-laden situation and a self-awareness of one's own role and responsibility in a situation".

ETHICAL SENSITIVITY

• It requires that everyone in the classroom practice respect and wellbeing as a central motivation for learning.

Example of dilemma:

Should I turn in this wallet that I found?
Should I hit the kid who just rammed his shoulder into mine in the hallway?
Should I speak up when I'm offended at a racist or sexist joke made by a friend?

Ethical sensitivity

includes being aware of all the people who may be affected by the situation and how they would be affected.

Sensitivity skills

also include using divergent thinking processes to generate multiple interpretations and alternative options as well as identifying the consequences of these alternatives.

RIICW

Reading and expressing emotion (Share Emotions)
- Interpersonal Emotion
- Intrapersonal Emotional skills

When can we identify Ethical Sensitivity?

Reading and expressing emotion (Share Emotions)

- involves identifying the needs and feelings of the self as well as others (intrapersonal and interpersonal skills).

Interpersonal Emotion skills

Learning when and how to appropriately express emotion is a critical element of socialization.

Interpersonal Emotion skills

Skills in both reading and expressing emotions

--- are necessary for communication, particularly resolution of problems and conflicts.

Intrapersonal Emotional skills

help us to be more effective in acting upon empathy and in dealing with personal emotions in general.

Interpersonal Emotional skills

allow us to identify and respond appropriately to the emotional cues of others.

Caring by connecting to others (Care For Others)

This is the process of expanding sense of self-concern to include others.

Caring by connecting to others (Care For Others)

It also involves developing a sense of connectedness to other people/groups, both globally and locally.

Caring by connecting to others (Care For Others)

A Time to Reflect
• How do you develop empathy?
• Explain: 'Maintaining friendship takes work'

Caring by connecting to others (Care For Others)

A Time to share: How will you prevent bias?
• How will you encourage students to avoid negative attitudes?
• How will you encourage a sense of self-respect?

Working with interpersonal and differences (Getting Along With Differences)

involves understanding why and how differences can lead to conflicts and misunderstandings.

Working with interpersonal and differences (Getting Along With Differences)

It is important to be aware of the diversity within the groups we work in, as well as the diversity represented in ourselves (from the various roles we play and cultures we identify with).

Working with interpersonal and differences (Getting Along With Differences)

A Time to Reflect
• Where do you get your values?
• What should be the initial social action/reform to prevent bias?

Working with interpersonal and differences (Getting Along With Differences)

A Time to share:
• How will you prevent bias?
• How will you control bias?
• Could you have misinterpreted the situation when it comes to bias?

ETHICAL JUDGMENT

• It involves reasoning about the possible actions in the situation and judging which action is most ethical.

ETHICAL JUDGMENT

• A person making an --- uses reason to decide what the best solution or decision is to a problem.

ETHICAL JUDGMENT

• S/he contemplates such questions as "What is the best action to take?" and "Why is this particular action the best to take in this situation?"

ETHICAL JUDGMENT

• It is a critical piece in the decision-making process.

ETHICAL JUDGMENT

• To make a good, sound decision or effectively solve a problem, a person must have some basic cognitive skills that enable them to thoroughly and systematically complete the decision making process.

Understanding Ethical Problems (Analyze the Situation)
Developing General Reasoning Skills (Think Skillfully)

When can we identify Ethical Judgment?

When can we identify Ethical Judgment?

Understanding Ethical Problems (Analyze the Situation)

A person must correctly define the problem and understand its structure.

Understanding Ethical Problems (Analyze the Situation)

In defining the problem,

--- the problem solver determines what information is important and what is irrelevant.

Understanding Ethical Problems (Analyze the Situation)

To understand a problem's structure,

--- the problem solver organizes the important information to generate options and strategies.

Understanding Ethical Problems (Analyze the Situation)

Understanding problems

is one of the first steps of any problem solving and decision-making.

Understanding Ethical Problems (Analyze the Situation)

Understanding problems

Unfortunately, --- is one of the steps in problem-solving and decision-making those students tend to ignore; therefore, it needs to be emphasized.

Developing General Reasoning Skills (Think Skillfully)

Reasoning

--- is a type of thinking in which a person draws a conclusion that is based on a particular set of information.

Developing General Reasoning Skills (Think Skillfully)

In order to be a reasonable conclusion,

--- it cannot be any random conclusion. Instead, the conclusion must be consistent with the information at hand.

Developing General Reasoning Skills (Think Skillfully)

If conclusion isn't consistent and coherent

--- the reasoning is flawed.

Developing General Reasoning Skills (Think Skillfully)

Flawed reasoning

--- is the source of many prejudices and harmful actions.

Developing General Reasoning Skills (Think Skillfully)

Reasoning

--- helps us improve how we do things and how we treat one another. For example, --- stopped the practice of slavery worldwide.

Developing General Reasoning Skills (Think Skillfully)

Reasoning

--- challenges our human biases of preferring the familiar and discrediting those who are different, and it has generated knowledge to allow us to travel half way across the world in one day.

Developing General Reasoning Skills (Think Skillfully)

Reasoning

It has helped us create vaccinations, irrigation systems, self-governance systems, and many more things that have improved the human condition.

Developing General Reasoning Skills (Think Skillfully)

Reasoning

In today's complex societies, --- is necessary to effectively function and participate in multiple systems.

Deductive Reasoning (SM)
• Scientific reasoning
• Mathematical reasoning

Inductive Reasoning (PSS)
• Pragmatic reasoning
• Statistical reasoning
• Scientific reasoning

Types of Reasoning

Deductive Reasoning

- making inferences from general propositions to particular propositions

Deductive Reasoning

• Scientific reasoning

(scientific laws and principles are applied to particular observations)

Deductive Reasoning

• Mathematical reasoning

(mathematical laws are applied to particular observations)

Inductive Reasoning

- making inferences from particular propositions to general propositions

Inductive Reasoning

• Pragmatic reasoning

(based on knowledge of context)

Inductive Reasoning

• Statistical reasoning

(based on probability)

Inductive Reasoning

• Scientific reasoning

(scientists investigate questions)