ASEAN Literature

"litera"

The word literature is derived from the Latin word ______ which means letters or words.

Literature

________ is the total of preserved writings/spoken words belonging to a given language or people.

nature and life (thoughts, emotions/feelings)

Literature interprets the meanings of ___________ in words of charm and power, touched with the author's personality, in artistic forms of permanent interests.

Literature

________ expresses significant human experiences.

based on structure and based on content

Literature can generally be divided into two types:

1. Prose

2. Non-prose (poetry)

Literature based on structure

1. Novels

2. Short Story

3. Plays

4. Legends

5. Fables

6. Anecdotes

7. Essay

8. Biography

9. News

10. Oration

Prose

1. Narrative Poetry

•Epic

•Metrical Tale

•Ballads

2. Lyric Poetry

•Folk Songs

•Sonnets

•Elegy

•Ode

•Psalms

•Awit

•Corridos

3. Dramatic Poetry

Non-prose (poetry)

1. Fiction or "literature of power"

2. Non-fiction or "literature of knowledge"

Literature based on content

• Myths

• poems

• short stories

• novels

• Plays

Fiction or "literature of power"

• Biographies

• News

Non-fiction or "literature of knowledge"

1. Universality

2. Permanence

3. Artistry

4. Intellectual Value

5. Suggestiveness

6. Spiritual Value

7. Style

7 Literary standards

Universality

It appeals to everyone regardless ofculture, race, sex, and time whichare considered significant.

Permanence

It endures across time and draws out the time factor: TIMELINESS, occurring at a particular time, and TIMELESSNESS, remaining invariably throughout time.

Artistry

It has an aesthetic appeal to everyone and thus possesses a sense of beauty.

Intellectual Value

It stimulates critical thinking that enriches the mental processes of abstract and reasoning, making man realize the fundamental truths of life and its nature

Suggestiveness

It unravels and conjures man's emotional power to define symbolism, nuances, implied meanings, images, and messages, giving and evoking visions above and beyond the plane of ordinary life and experiences.

Spiritual Value

It elevates the spirit and the soul and thus has the power to motivate and inspire, drawn from the suggested morals or lessons of the different literary genres.

Style

It presents peculiar ways of how man sees life as evidenced by the formation of his ideas, forms,structures, and expressions marked by theirmemorable substance.

Literary Devices

refers to the typical structures used by writers in their works toconvey his or her message(s) in a simple manner to his or herreaders.

1. Literary Elements

2. Literary Techniques.

Literary Devices have two aspects.

Literary Elements

have an inherent existence in literary piece andare extensively employed by writers to develop a literary piece.

1. Plot

2. Setting

3. Protagonist

4. Antagonist

5. Point of View

6. Conflict

7. Mood

8. Tone

9. Theme

Literary Elements

Plot

It is the logical sequence of events that develops a story.

Setting

It refers to the time and place in which a story takes place.

Protagonist

"good guy". It is the main character of story, novel or a play

Antagonist

"bad guy". It is the character in conflict with the Protagonist

Point of View

The person or entity through whom the reader experiences the story.

Conflict

It is an issue in a narrative around which the whole story revolves.

Mood

A general atmosphere of a narrative.

Tone

The "attitude" of the speaker, narrator as conveyed through the language of the piece.

Theme

It is central idea or concept of a story.

LITERARY TECHNIQUES

are structures usuallywords or phrases in literary texts that writers employto achieve not merely artistic ends but also readers agreater understanding and appreciation of theirliterary works.

1. Symbolism

2. Flashback

3. Flash Forward

4. Cliffhanger

5. Foreshadowing

6. Imagery

7. Simile and Metaphor

8. Personification

9. Hyperbole

Literary Techniques

SYMBOLISM

It refers to using an object or action that means something more than its literal meaning.

FLASHBACK

tells an interjected scene of the story that takes it back in time from the current point in the story and is often used to tell the events that happened before another important event

FLASH FORWARD

tells a scene that takes the narrative to a future time from the current point of the story

CLIFFHANGER

tells an abrupt ending that places the main characters in a perilous situation with no resolution

FORESHADOWING

Important hints that an author drops to prepare the reader forwhat is to come, and help the reader anticipate the outcome.

IMAGERY

It is the use of figurative language to create visual representations of actions, objects, and ideas in our mind in such a way that they appeal to our different senses

TASTE

gustatory imagery

SIGHT

visual imagery

SMELL

olfactory imagery

TOUCH

tactile imagery

HEAR

aural imagery

SIMILE AND METAPHOR

Both compare two distinct objects and draw similarities between them.

"as" or "like"

Simile uses ____ or ____

PERSONIFICATION

the attribution of human qualities to something non-human like objects and animals.

HYPERBOLE

It is a deliberate exaggeration of actions and ideas for thesake of emphasis.

FEMINISM

Feminist literature is often associated with literary pieces written bywomen that deal with women in society

Feminism

It also involves characters who chide the common gender normsdominated by masculinity.

Feminism

This approach has an impact on the voice of women

New Historicism

It deals with the cultural context during the writing of the piece of literature.

New Historicism

This approach interprets literature for its meaning or idea in a particular socio-historical atmosphere.

FORMALISM OR NEW CRITICISM

The formalists' interpretation of a work of art isformulated by the information and details of the piece itself.

rhetorical and logical connections

Formalists focus on ___________ within the writing.