Lecture 19 Animal Nutrition - Lactation

Flashcards created to review key concepts from the Animal Nutrition lecture focusing on lactation.

What is the historical significance of 1766 in the dairy industry?

It marks early developments in the dairy industry.

What percentage decrease in milk cow operations occurred from 2003 to 2012 in the United States?

33% decrease.

What was the approximate milk production in million pounds in the US in 2021?

Approximately 230,000 million pounds.

What is the typical increase in production per cow from 2013 to 2022?

10% increase.

Which technologies contributed to the dramatic increase in milk yield from 1940 to 1960?

Artificial insemination (AI) and improved genetics.

What is colostrum and why is it important?

Colostrum is the first milk, nutrient dense and provides maternal antibodies for offspring.

How does milk composition vary with species?

Each species has milk composition that meets the specific needs of its offspring.

Describe the relationship between milk yield, fat, and protein content.

Higher milk yield results in lower percentage of fat and protein.

What are the main duties of ruminants as milk producers?

Convert indigestible feeds into nutritionally valuable milk.

What are the primary components required for milk synthesis?

Water, vitamins, minerals, lactose, fat, and protein.

What hormone is used to increase milk production in lactating cows?

Somatotropin (bST or bGH).

What does a body condition score of 3.5 to 4 indicate for dairy cows before calving?

They should be physically fit and healthy.

What is a significant risk for lactating dairy cows during calving?

Metabolic diseases such as milk fever and ketosis.

What is a 'transition cow'?

A cow that has recently moved from pregnancy to lactation.

What are the critical nutrient needs for a fresh cow?

Energy requirements are high while appetite is declining.

How does feeding affect milk production?

Diet quality and nutrient concentration greatly influence milk yield.

What is the role of colostrum in calf nutrition?

It provides essential immunoglobulins to support the calf's immune system.

What conditions can occur if a cow has high urea nitrogen levels?

Impaired conception and embryonic development.

What condition follows reduced levels of blood calcium in lactating cows?

Milk fever or parturient paresis.

How does the lactation cycle affect nutrient requirements?

Nutritional needs change significantly from dry to lactating states.