vital statistics - chn

VITAL STATISTICS

VITAL STATISTICS

> A systematic approach of obtaining, organizing and analyzing numerical facts so that conclusion may be drawn from them

> The study of the characteristics of the human population

> It includes vital events in human life

importance/use of vital statistics

> It describes status of health of the community

> It reflects the effectiveness of the services/programs

> It identifies the health needs of the community. Several data could give as an idea that the community is need in terms of health

> It serves as basis for planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluation community health nursing programs and services

Sources from vital signs

> Population census - National statistics office/philippine statistics authority - age and sex distribution

> Registration of vital data (birth and deaths) - Local civil registry, City health department

> Health survey

> Studies and researches to understand the population dynamic

Rates

the relationship bet a vital event and those persons exposed to the occurrence of the said event, within a given area and during a specified unit of time

Numerator: person experiencing the event

Denominator: total population exposed to the rise of the same event

Ratio

> used to describe the relationship between two numerical quantities or measures of event w/o taking particular considerations to the time or place

> The result is often expressed as the result "to one" or written as the result "x:1"

Vital statistics tools

> Measures of fertility

> Measures of mortality

> Measures of morbidity

Total population synonyms

Average pop Midyear pop Estimated population

Multipliers

100 - percentage

1000 - community population

100,000 country population, larger scale

Crude birth rate(CBR)

a measure of one characetristic of the natural growth or increase of a population; the number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year

= (no. of registered live births/estimated mid-year population) x 1000

general/total fertility rate(GFR)

he number of live births per 1000 women of reproductive age(ages 15 to 49 years) per year. This is a more refined way to measure fertility than crude birth rate because the FR accounts for the percentage of women aged 15 to 49 yrs in a population

= (no. of registered live births/number of females of reproductive age(15-45 yrs) x 1000

Crude death/mortality rate(CDR)

a measure of one mortality from all cases which may result in a decrease population

= (number of deaths in a year/total population) x 100,000

Cause-specific death rate

is the mortality rate from a specified cause for a population. The numerator is the number of deaths attributed to a specific cause. The denominator remains the size of the population at the midpoint of the time period

= (number of deaths attributed to a specific cause/total midyear population) x 100,000

Age specific death rate

Is defined as a number of deaths among persons of given age group per midyear population of that age group

= (number of death aged 1-4 yrs/population aged 1-4 yrs) x 100,000

Case mortality rate and survival rate

Reflects the killing power of a disease The higher the CFR = more fatal the disease The more fatal the disease = the lesser

= (number of deaths from a specific disease in the same period/total number of cases) x 100

Swaroop's Index

> The proportion of deaths aged 50 yrs and above is determined by swarop's indx

> The higher the swaroop's index, the greater the proportion of the deaths who were able to reach the age of at least 50 yrs. Meaning, more people grew old b4 they dies

= (number of deaths aged ≥ 50 yrs/ total number of deaths) x 100

Maternal mortality rate

> Measures the number of deaths due to disease related to pregnancy, delivery and puerperium

> It is an index of the ob care needed and received by the women in a community

> Number of intrauterine fetal deaths(stillbirths) maybe added to the denominator

= (number of deaths due to diseases related to pregnancy, delivery, puerperium/ number of registered live births) x 1000

Infant mortality rate

> Measures the risk of dying during the 1st year of life. It is a good index of the general health condition of a community since it reflects the changes in the environmental and medical conditions of a community

= (total number of deaths under 1 yr of age/total number of registered live births of same calendar year) x 1000

Neonatal mortality rate

Measures the risk of dying during the 1st month of life (0-28 days). May serve as index of the effects of prenatal care and ob management on the newborn

= (total number of deaths under 28 days of age/ total number of registered live births of the same calendar year) x 1000

Perinatal mortality rate

> Defines as the number of fetal deaths past 22(or 28) completed weeks of pregnancy plus the number of deaths among live-born children up to 7 completed days of life, per 1000 total births(live births and stillbirths)

> Measures pregnancy wastage. Death of the product of conception prior to its complete expulsion, irrespective of duration of pregnancy

= [(number of deaths aged 0-28 days + number of stillbirths)/ total number of registered live births of same year] x 1000

Morbidity

has been defined as any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological well-being

Prevalence rate

a measure of existing disease(old and new cases in a population at a particular time i.e., the number of existing cases divided by the current population

= (number of existing cases/total population) x 1000

Incidence rate

Describe the occurrence of new disease or condition in a community over a given period relative to the size of the population at risk for that disease or condition during that same period

= (number of new cases over a specified period/ population at risk during the same period) x 100,000

Attack rate

> Document the number of new cases of a disease in those exposed to the disease

> If a population is exposed to an infectious disease at a given time and place, the nurse may calculate this, a specialized form of a incidence rate

= (number of persons acquiring a disease during a specified period/ number of exposed to same disease in a period) x 100

Functions of the nurse in vital statistics

> Collects data that is relative to a given event

> Tabulates data

> Analyzes and interprets data

> Evaluated data

> Recommends redirection and/or strengthening of specific areas of health programs as needed