CSCI 1301 Midterm + Final

Computer systems consist of ____ and ____

hardware, software

hardware includes the ____ parts of computer systems while software includes ____ - sets of instructions for the computer to follow

tangible, programs

Modern computers have what four main things

input, output, processors, memory

what does the CPU do

processes a program's data

T/F the processor can process complex instructions

false

what does the power of computing come from what two things

speed, program intricacy

memory holds what three things

programs, data for computer to process, results of intermediate processing

main memory is known as

RAM

main memory is ____ memory which stores data on the current program

working

what is main memory usually measured in

MB

Auxiliary Memory (Secondary Memory) is known as

ROM

Auxiliary Memory (Secondary Memory) is usually measured in

GB

which memory is more expensive...main or auxiliary

main

which memory is permanent...main or auxiliary

auxiliary

which memory includes CDs, DVDs, flash drives, etc...main or auxiliary

auxiliary

which memory is fast access...main or auxiliary

main

A bit is a digit with a value of ____ or ____

0, 1

a byte consists of ____ bits

8

data is stored in ____'s and _____'s. Several bytes are stored in ________ of bytes

0, 1, groups

large groups of bytes in auxiliary memory are called ____

files

files are organized into ____ or ____

directories, folders

a ____ is a set of instructions for a computer to follow

program

the ____ ____ is a supervisory program that oversees the operation of the computer

operating system

examples of high-level languages

Java, C#, C++, Visual Basic, Python, and Ruby

how is a high level language converted to a low-level language

compiler

what is the product after you compile java code

Java Byte-Code

Y/N after compiling java code into java byte-code, can the code be used anywhere in the world

yes

the person who writes a program is called the

programmer

the person who interacts with the program is called the

user

the items inside the parenthesis are called

arguments

a ____ is a library of classes that have already been defined

package

write the code to import the Scanner package

import java.util.Scanner;

a ____ is something that can store data

variable

an instruction to the computer is called a ____; it ends with a semicolon

statement

what are the grammar rules for a programming language

syntax

write code to print to screen using both print line and regular print methods:

Hello
World

System.out.println("Hello");
System.out.print("World");

T/F the name of the file should be the same as the name of the class

true

an ___ combines a text editor with commands for compiling and running programs

IDE

write the code to run... the class will have these words/code somewhere in the file

public static void main (String[] args)

java is what type of language

object-oriented

in object-oriented programming ____ perform ____

objects, actions

on object-oriented programming, objects are called

objects

on object-oriented programming, actions are called

methods

objects of the same kind have the same ____ and belong to the same ____

type, class

____ is often called information hiding

encapsulation

____ means "many forms" and occurs when we have many classes that are related by inheritance

polymorphism

in ____ classes at lower levels inherit characteristics of classes above in the hierarchy

inheritance

relating to inheritance...are higher classes more inclusive or less inclusive than lower classes

more inclusive

an ____ is a set of instructions for solving a problem

algorithm

we do two things to eliminate errors by avoiding them in the first place...what are they

testing and debugging

what is an error in program called

bug

what is the term for eliminating errors

debugging

what are the three types of errors

syntax, runtime, logic

the data stored by a variable is called its ____

value

a variable's ____ determines what kinds of values it holds

type

what is the creation of a new variable called

initialization

what sign is used for assigning values to a variable

=

T/F the first character of a variable name must be lower case letter

true

what are words such as int, public, class called

reserved words

Class types begins with an uppercase or lowercase letter

uppercase

String is an example of what

class type

what are the four integer primitive types

byte, short, int, long

what are the two floating-point primitive types

float, double

what is the character primitive type

char

what is the true/false primitive type

boolean

____ price = 10.52

double

____ status = true

boolean

____ letter = 'a'

char

T/F you can declare a variable without assigning it a value

true

T/F you can write variables of different data types in the same line when declaring them

false

T/F you create multiple scanners (declare them)

false

write code for declaring scanner in java

Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);

T/F you can go from narrow range to wide range regarding variable types

false

what operator is used on string concatenation

+

T/F using \ before a special character will print out the special character

true

in programming java, the index starts at what number

0

arrange in order from narrow to wide:
byte
double
float
int
long
short

byte, short, int, long, float, double

can you assign a variable of type char to a variable of type int using ASCII

yes

what is the value of n

String greeting = "Hello";
int n = greeting.length();

5

what is the code to get the last index of the phrase below:

String string = "Hello";

string.length()-1;

____ ____ ____ is the order in which a program performs actions

flow of control

a ____ statement chooses between two or more possible actions

branching

a ____ statement repeats an action until a stopping condition occurs

loop

what are the three logical operators in java usually used for boolean/conditionals

&&, ||, !

which operator has a higher priority && or ||

&&

____ ____ is similar to alphabetical order but is based on characters in ACII

lexicographic order

what is the type of output of this code:

String string1 = hello;
String string2 = Hello;
System.out.println(string1.compareTo(string2));

positive number

what two things does the .compareTo() method take into account

lexicographic order and length

write the code for the exit method

System.exit(0);

what type of output does the .equals() method return

boolean

the ____ statement is a multiway branch that makes decisions based on an integer or character

switch

what is the output if the user enters 3 into the program below:

import java.util.Scanner;
public class MultipleBirths
{
public static void main (String [] args)
{
int numberOfBabies;
System.out.print ("Enter number of babies: ");
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner (System.in);
numberOfBabies = keyboard.nextInt ();
switch (numberOfBabies)
{
case1:
System.out.println("Congratulations.");
break;
case 2:
System.out.println ("Wow. Twins.");
break;
case 3:
System.out.println ("Wow. Triplets.");
break;
case 4:
case 5:
System.out.print ("Unbelieveable; ");
System.out.println (numberOfBabies + " babies.");
break;
default:
System.out.println ("I don't believe you.");
break;
}
}
}

Wow. Triplets.

what is a loop that repeats without ever ending called

infinite loop

which type of loop do you use when you know the number of recursions...for or while

for

an ____ statement is to trace variables, and if it is true, the program will run after the statement

assertion

an ____ is a special kind of object and is a collection of data

array

can an array collect different types of data

no

T/F you can initialize an array both ways:

int [] array = new int [5];
int array [] = new int [5];

true

if you want to change the size of an array what do you do

create a new array

if you print out an empty element from an array of strings, what value will print

null