Lewis: unit 5 history exam

Junior year unit 5 the economic and culitural development of America

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Britain

Which creations were made which made production of cloth easier and cheaper?

The spinning Jenny, water frame, and power loom

What increases production during the Industrial Revolution?

Interchangeable parts

What industry the Industrial Revolution begin with?

The textile industry 

The industrialization of the textile industry lead to the expansion of:

Slavery 

What is the purpose of the cotton gin?

It makes the removal of seeds from cotton much easier

Who invented the cotton gin?

Eli Whitney

What is the result of the invention of the cotton gin?

It creates a booming market for slave trade, profit raises by 6,000%, cotton production spreads with western expansion and many farmers switch to cloth production instead of other products 

What is the most significant mode of transportation

Railroads

How many miles of railroad are made by 1840

3,000 miles

The eerie canal aids in the development of:

Syracuse Rochester

What are clipper ships?

Ships with a Stream lined hoe design which makes sailing faster

What does the eerie canal open?

The eerie canal opens the country west of the Appalachian’s to settlers and offers a cheap and safe way to carry produce

What happened in relation to families during the economic expansion ?

People began to work off the farm and outside to home.

Before the economy expanded what was the home considered?

The center of production of goods/economic center

Where do people start to rely more on manufacturing than farming to make a living?

Northeast

During the market revolution people can make a living by:

Buying and selling goods

The market revolution is part of the:

Enterprise system

What is the enterprise system?

Capitalism where private companies compete 

Banks make money by:

Accepting deposits on which they make interest

While the north was being urbanized, people who were arriving in cities were forced to:

Live in tenants, crowded and poorly maintained apartments, and workers are often forced to work long hours with little pay 

While the north industrializes the south..

Counties to rely on farming for their living, especially cotton

As a result of the south relying on agriculture, most southerners live:

In small villages

Who leads the slave rebellion of 1800?

Denmark Vesey

What is the result of turners rebellion?

Kills more than 50 whites 

The institution of slavery creates what between states?

Tension 

What does McCullough v Maryland 1819 rule?

Ruled that congress has the authority to create a national bank

What is the elastic clause?

Congress can pass laws which are necessary for government function

What does Gibbons v Ogden rule?

The federal government has the right to regulate interstate commerce

Gibbons v Ogden largely expands:

Federal power and pedestal power takes precedence over state law 

What strikes down monopoly over the steamboat navigation 

Gibbons v. Odgen

What is interstate commerce?

Business between two states

Which president looks to release tensions with Great British?

President Monroe

What does the Monroe doctrine state?

The US will not become involved in internal European matters, the us recognizes European colonies in the new world, the us will not permit any further colonization into the new world and any action to interfere into the new world will be seen as a hostile act.

What happened for the first time during the election of 1824

No presidential candidate was a leader during the revolution

Who are the four candidates for the election of 1824

John Quincy Adam’s, Henry clay, John Calhoun, and Andrew Jackson

What was Henry clay known as?

The excellent orator who freed his own slaves and tried to abolish slavery

What was John Calhoun known as?

secretary of war for Monroe, supported southern interest

What was Andrew Jackson known as?

The old hickory, who won battles in the war of 1812 in Florida

Which candidate for the election of 1812 withdrew?

John Calhoun

Who won’t the most votes from the electoral college even though they didn’t have majority?

Jackson 

Since there was no majority in the election of 1812, what happened?

As per the constitution, the House of Representatives vote to award the president to Adam’s

What does Adam’s appoint Henry clay to after he wins the election?

Henry clay was originally the speaker of the house but Adam’s promoted him to Secretary of State 

What did Adam’s rivals claim about him presidential win?

It was a “corrupt bargain”

What emerges after the election

Two political parties with very different agendas

What do Adam’s and his supporters believe?

They backed the American system and were known as national republics and later, whigs.

Who created the American system?

Henry clay

What is the American system

A combination of government economic development programs and protective tariffs (they supported an active government)

What did Jackson and his supporters believe?

They opposed the American system and wanted limited government. They were named the democratic republicans and later known as Jacksonian democrats

Which president was known as the “man of the people”

Andrew Jackson

What does it mean by calling Jackson a “man of the people”

He’s a populist 

Does Jackson believe in a limited or active government?

Limited

Who was the first president born west of the Appalachians?

Jackson

What does Jackson do with his followers and what is it nicknamed?

Jackson awards his followers through patronage and this becomes known as the spoils system 

What is the tariff crisis?

congress passes a tariff imposing a tax on imported goods

When did the tariff crisis happen?

1828

Which does the tariff crisis favor? The north or the south?

North

What is the nullification crisis?

South Carolina states can nullify or reject federal laws they see as unconstitutional 

What is the Indian removal act?

Passed and signed by president Jackson, this act authorized the president to take land from native Americans and give them land from Louisiana purchase

Where is the trail of tears?

Georgia

What happened during the trail of tears?

Supreme Court backed native Americans, but Jackson defies the court and ,are them leave. This was a 116 day march with over 10,000 natives. 

What was the conflict that backed the trail of tears?

Worcester vs Georgia

What tribes were involved in the trail of tears incident?

Cheroke, Choctaw, creek, seminide, Chickasaw

What is the bank crisis ?

Since Jackson sees the national bank as a “monster controlled by a small group of wealthy easterners” he kills the bank by withdrawing all federal deposit and replacing it into pet banks 

Do the national republicans ever recover from the bank crisis?

No, the eventually separate but come back as whigs

Who is Jackson’s Secretary of State?

Van Buren

What are the “panics” van buren faces?

Panic of 1837

Who was the first president born under the American flag?

Van buren 

Who defeats van buren 

William Henry Harrison

Who leads us troops into battle of tippecanoe

William Henry Harrison

How does Harrison die?

He dies after one month in office

Who takes Harrison’s place in office when he dies?

John Tyler 

Who created the Webster Dictionary and what did it accomplish?

Noah Webster complies the first American dictionary of the English language. It helped standardize the English language and hold republic virtues 

What are the republican virtues?

Self reliance, hard work, frugality, harmony, sacrifice,

Why does the second great awakening take place?

Social change

What is the key aspect of the great awakening?

The feminization of the church

The ideas of the second great awakening are opposite of..

The enlightment ideas

During the second great awakening who was more conservative?

East 

What does the second great awakening emphasize?

The Bible is the final authority, salvation is through faith in Jesus, we can demonstrate faith through a transformed life and good deeds

The second great awakening also marks the start of the:

Mormons

Who created the Mormons?

Joesph smith

What does the second great awakening lead to?

Bubbling of evangelicalism and influence temperance, prison reform, abolitionism, and women’s movements

Who creates transcendalism?

it’s influenced by German romantic philosophies 

What does trancendalism go against?

Early ideas and expircist theories that the truth comes from the senses

What do trancendalists state?

Truth comes from within (inner light/spirituality)

What was the cause of the temperance movement

Americans were consuming more alcohol than ever in history

The temperance movement lead to people preaching:

Against the evils of drinking and encouraged abstinence

What is the main campaign of the education movement?

Better school houses, expanded ciriculum, higher pay, larger terms.

Who led the education movement?

Horace Mann

what is the house of corrections?

disciple, faith, sympathy, lead to a reformed man

what is the prison reform?

Dorothy dix of Massachusetts advocates reform to include the establishment of hospitals to house the mentally ill rather than confining them to prison

How do people view “utopian communities”

A place where People could live equally free from sin and greed

what happened in these “utopian communities”

people fall victim to laziness, selfishness, and quarreling

who is one of the first major proponents?

quakers 

what is the capital of Liberia names and after who?

Names Monrovia after president monroe

during the abolitionist movement, do blacks consider themselves African or American?

American

what is the Underground Railroad?

a network of routes for slaves to escape from the south

who is the conductor of the Underground Railroad?

Harriet Tubman

what does the fugitive slave act do in relation to the Underground Railroad?

Slaves in the north we’re not assured their freedom and many continued into Canada