Unit 2: Ancient Greece, Medieval, and Renaissance

Greece

The cradle of Western civilization was ancient ______________; many aspects of our culture were born and nurtured there.

adopted many of the theories and practices of Greek culture

When Rome conquered Greece more than a century before the birth of Christ, it _______________.

plucking two strings, one twice as long as the other, produced tones an octave apart

The Greek mathematician Pythagoras discovered that ___________________________.

improvised

Much Greek music was ________________, or invented and performed simultaneously, and thus never written in musical notation.

melody, harmony, and rhythm.

Modern musical terms that are of Greek origin include ___________________.

ethos

The Greek doctrine of ___________ concerns the moral and ethical aspects of music.

Pythagoras

____________, who lived in Greece during the sixth century B.C., was the first to make important discoveries concerning the scientific basis of music.

Apollo and Dionysus

Two rival religious cults in ancient Greece were represented by gods called ___________ and ___________.

Revelry, drama, aulos

The cult of Dionysus was associated with all of the following:

serenity, order, lyre

The cult of Apollo was associated with all of the following:

acoustics

science of sound

each of which has a unique pattern and distinctive character.

Medieval melodies were based upon modal scales

it was a chaotic period of social and political unrest.

The Medieval Era is referred to as the Dark Ages because

suppressed performances of music addressed to Greek and Roman gods

The early Christian church

the pagan religion of the Roman Empire.

This did NOT directly influenced the music of Western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire except

Pope Gregory

In the sixth century a.d., _________ collected, organized, and codified the chants for use by the Christian churches in the Western world?

religious subjects.

The most common subject matter for Medieval art is

Christian church

After the fall of Rome in the fifth century a.d., the ___________ became the only effective unifying force in the Western world.

unison

Gregorian chant was usually sung in _________, so that all of the voices sang the same melody at the same time unaccompanied by instruments.

free and flexible.

The rhythm in Gregorian chant is usually _________

Roman rulers began to separate and murder the early Christians.

This did NOT occur in the 14th century

Italy.

In the fourteenth century, a new, more optimistic era known as the Age of Humanism emerged in ______

a twelfth-century composer of sacred song and chant.

Abbess Hildegard of Bingen was

canon

The twelfth- or thirteenth-century English piece "Sumer is icumen in" is an example of a __________

provide preludes and postludes to songs, accompany singers by doubling their melody lines, & provide music for dancing.

During the Middles Ages, instruments were used to

Mass

The ________ is the main worship service of the Catholic church.

Guillaume de Machaut

The first complete setting of the entire Ordinary of the Mass by one composer is thought to be the Missa Notre Dame, by ___________, a fourteenth-century poet and musician.

Florence

In the early fifteenth century, ___________ became the center of business and cultural activity in Europe

Johannes Gutenberg

The invention of movable-type printing by _____________ in 1440 made possible the wide dissemination of new concepts.

Council of Trent

The Catholic group that advocated reforms within the Catholic church and thus launched the Counter Reformation was the ___________.

Martin Luther

The Protestant Reformation erupted in Germany in 1517 when _______________ brought to public attention ninety-five articles of complaint against the church.

chorale.

Martin Luther believed that church music should include songs in the vernacular language as well as in Latin, so he introduced a new kind of hymn called a ____________.

psalm

Music in the Protestant services established by John Calvin consisted only of __________ tunes.

Polyphony.

The Renaissance period is known as the Golden Age of ______________.

many important works of antiquity were despised or ignored.

This was NOT a characteristic of the Renaissance

Netherlands.

The Renaissance of music began in the part of Europe known as the _____________.

the sound was very similar to medieval polyphony.

This was NOT a characteristic of Renaissance vocal polyphony

Palestrina

The music of the devout Catholic composer ____________ reflected sensitivity to some of the criticisms of Catholic music voiced by the Protestants.

the parts were usually played on instruments as well as sung.

This was NOT feature of Renaissance motets.

words that were not clearly understood.

This was NOT characteristic of Palestrina's compositional style.

through-composed.

The form of a Renaissance motet is _____________.

word painting.

The use of musical devices to dramatize descriptive words or phrases is called ____________.

Josquin des Prez

The Netherlands composer, _____________, was considered by his contemporaries to be the greatest composer who had ever lived.

Palestrina

______________, known as the "Prince of Music," was a late Renaissance composer whose conservative church music reflected the values of the Council of Trent.

psalm tune

The Calvinists created the _____________ for their worship music.

Latin should be eliminated from the service entirely.

In his ninety-five theses presented to the Catholic church, Martin Luther did NOT suggest

Psalms

The Book of _________ is a collection of 150 songs or poems of praise in the Old Testament of the Bible.

chorale.

The congregational song or hymn introduced into the worship service by Martin Luther was called the Lutheran ____________.

madrigal.

Sixteenth-century Italy introduced a new type of song to the secular repertoire, the ___________.

England.

The madrigal originated in Italy but soon became very popular in ______________.