Anesthesia II- Ruminant, Camelid, Swine anesthesia

Ruminant anesthesia

Don't undergo anesthesia as often due to

-temperament; calm nature allows many procedures to be done using regional and local anesthesia

-FARAD; drug withdrawl times for milk and food-producing animals

Ruminant anesthesia

FARAD stands for

food animal residue avoidance database

-free service for vets to assist in prevention of drug residues in animal-derived food products

Ruminant anesthesia

Equipment needed is specialized due to their size if

150 kg or larger

-large machine tilt tables, head gates, hoists, transporters

Ruminant anesthesia

Small animal equipment can be used for

small ruminants; sheep, goats, calves

Ruminant anesthesia

Aspiration is a serious concern due to adult cattle producing ___ of saliva

25-38 gallons of saliva per day

-production not generally inhibited by anesthesia

-prone to regurgitation and bloat during gen. anesthesia

Ruminant anesthesia

Can be prone to bloat and regurgitation under general anesthesia b/c

-fermentation only slightly decreased w drugs; gas build-up

-unable to eructate (burp) when unconcious

Ruminant anesthesia

Patient preparation uses same principles as with small animals and horses

-assess, prepare, weigh patient (wrap feet)

-make sure patient is fasted to prevent bloat

-prepare all equipment and place IV cath

-calculate each drug volume and fluid administration rates

-set up equipment and drugs for administration

-assemble and anesthetic test machine and ventilator

Ruminant anesthesia

Ventilators are always needed for general anesthesia of large animals. T/F

True

Ruminant anesthesia

Patient physical factors that require modified anesthetic protocols

-Classes P3-P5; ill, geriatric, pediatric, and compromised patients

Ruminant anesthesia

Warming equipment is available for small ruminants and calves, but

hypothermia isn't typically an issue for adult ruminants during anesthesia

Ruminant anesthesia

Having suction ready is important b/c

aspiration of saliva

Ruminant anesthesia

Pre-med sedation may be needed for stressed/ aggressive animals, such as

-tranquilizer Acepromazine (may increase risk of regurgitation)

-Xylazine; VERY sensitive, only need 1/10th of dose given to horses

Ruminant anesthesia

Pre-med usage of anticholinergics would be bad b/c

causes saliva to become thick and ropy, increase risk of aspiration too much

Ruminant anesthesia

Induction is always done...

IV (never IM for induction)

Ruminant anesthesia

Want them induced __ to avoid injury and get immediate control of airway

rapidly

Ruminant anesthesia

Use of __ rapid IV to effect is most common

Double drip (ketamine and guaifenesin)

Ruminant anesthesia

Larger animals may need __ instead of double drip to effect

IV agent bolus

Ruminant anesthesia

Smaller or compromised animals may need __ instead of rapid double drip

IV agent to effect

Ruminant anesthesia

Propofol can be used for sm ruminants and camelids, but not for adult cattle b/c

too expensive, would need too much of the drug for their size

Ruminant anesthesia

Positioning for intubation

Sternal recumbency

-position head lower than the pharynx to prevent aspiration

Ruminant anesthesia

Endotracheal intubation; tube sizes

22, 24, 26, or 30 mm tube for adult cattle

Ruminant anesthesia

Endotracheal intubation; other equipment

-stylette; sm ruminants and calves only

-mouth gag; adults only

-larygnoscope; sm ruminants and calves only

-gauze sponge for grasping tongue (optional)

-syringe for cuff inflation

-long forceps and suction

Ruminant anesthesia

ET intubation; syringe sizes for cuff inflation

-10 mL for sm ruminants and calves

-60 mL for adult cattle

Ruminant anesthesia

ET intubation of small ruminants and calves

use stylette and laryngoscope

-small oral opening and thick caudal half of tongue make visualization of larynx difficult

-stylette protrudes beyond end of tube, better visualization

-head extended, pass stylette into airway after visualization of larynx

-pass ET tube over stylette into larynx

-remove stylette and inflate the cuff (10mL)

Ruminant anesthesia

ET tube placement in sm ruminants and calves uses what kind of laryngoscope blade?

Rowson laryngoscope blade

Ruminant anesthesia

Sm ruminant and calve ET tube placement can be confirmed by

inflating the cuff/ bulb

Ruminant anesthesia

ET intubation in adult cattle is done

blindly

-mouth gag placed and head is extended

-protect ET tube cuff w/ non-dominant hand

-palpate larynx w/ fingers and directs ET tube into larynx with that non-dom hand, while advancing the tube with dominant hand

-inflate the cuff (60mL) and remove mouth gag