Animal Cells and Tissues

Define hemostasis

Homeostasis-homeo [similar] + stasis [condition] - maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in their external environment

examples of the body maintaining a stable internal environment

• sweating/shivering

• insulin/glycogen

• osmoregulation

What is the biological hierarchy in animals

Cell→Tissue→Organ→Organ System→Organism

purpose of digestive system

Conversion of food to energy

purpose of nervous system

Responsible for communication, control, coordination

purpose of Muscular system

Movement

(true/false) No organ system works in isolation

true

Define cells

the basic building blocks of life

Define

Specialized cells

What are the 4 primary tissues

• Epithelial tissues

• connective tissue

• Muscle tissue

• Nervous tissue

purpose of Epithelial tissues

line body cavities 

purpose of connective tissues

bind other tissues together

purpose of muscle tissues

specialize in contraction 

purpose of nervous tissues

conduct impulses 

structure of epithelial tissue

Sheets of epithelial cells that cover body surfaces and forming barriers

• allow for Secreting, absorbing, excreting, and transporting other molecules

Types of cell layers

• simple (one layer)

• Stratified (multiple layers)

types of cell shapes

• Squamous (plate-like)

• Cuboidal (cube-like)

• Columnar (cylindrical) 

Special types of cell

• Pseudostratified - essentially simple but in different sizes and shapes

• Transitional -  are stratified, however When they receive a lot of pressure they can extend until their simple

transitional

 are stratified, however When they receive a lot of pressure they can extend until their simple

Purpose of connective tissue

tissue that supports, binds, and protects other tissues and organs. Characterized by having relatively few actual cells 

Describe Skeletal muscle tissues

• majority of muscle

• Voluntary contraction 

  • Ability to control it 

• Multinucleated – many nuclei 

  • Cell has the ability to get bigger and smaller

  • Most are really big

  • Ability to repair itself

Describe Cardiac muscle tissues

• Only found in heart 

• Involuntary contraction 

• Branched and connected by intercalated discs 

• Mononucleated 

  • Heart doesn’t need to get bigger

  • Not anticipating heart damage 

describe nervous tissues

• Tissues that are responsible for communication, control, coordination 

• triggers a series of reaction that allow the muscle to contract 

How do the 4 primary tissues work together in the stomach?

• Epithelial tissue - lines the inside, secreting gastric juices and mucus 

• Muscle tissue - smooth muscle contracts to churn and move food 

• Connective tissue - provides elasticity and strength 

• Nervous tissue - regulates muscle contractions and secretion

How do the 4 primary tissues work together in the skin?

• Epithelial tissue- outer protective barrier and glands 

• Connective tissue- provides elasticity and strength 

• Nervous tissue- sensory receptors for touch, temperature, and pain 

• Muscle tissue- small muscles cause hair to stand up